Physical Properties of Matter Quiz

Properties of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Matter is classified as elements or compounds.
• Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom.
• Compounds are pure substances made of two or more elements chemically combined.
• Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

Classifications of Matter

• Pure substances have a fixed composition and consistent properties.
• Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom.
• Compounds are pure substances made of two or more elements chemically bonded.
• Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.
• Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition).

Properties of Matter

• Properties are observable characteristics of a substance.
• Extensive properties depend on the amount of the substance (e.g., mass, volume, length, size).
• Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of the substance (e.g., color, odor, density).
• Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition (e.g., texture, durability, melting/boiling point, temperature).
• Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with other substances (e.g., flammability, oxidation).

Physical and Chemical Changes

• Physical changes involve a change in the physical properties of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
• Chemical changes involve a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in a new substance.

Atoms and Molecules

• Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.
• Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together.

Atomic Theory

• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
• Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Different elements have atoms with different numbers of protons.

Subatomic Particles

• Protons are positively charged particles located in the atom's nucleus.
• Neutrons are neutral particles located in the atom's nucleus.
• Electrons are negatively charged particles found outside the atom's nucleus.

Elements and Compounds

• Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
• Compounds are formed when two or more different elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio.

Atomic Structure

• Atoms have a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons.
• Electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels.
• The arrangement of electrons in energy levels determines the chemical properties of an atom.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

• The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.
• The mass number of an element is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of its atoms.
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, and thus different mass numbers.

lons

• lons are atoms or molecules with a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
• Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons.
• Anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.

Isotopes

• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
• Isotopes have the same number of protons but different mass numbers.

Quantum Theory

• Quantum numbers describe the properties of electrons in an atom.
• Principle quantum number (n): Describes the energy level of the electron.
• Angular momentum quantum number (l): Describes the shape of the electron's orbital.
• Magnetic quantum number (ml): Describes the orientation of the electron's orbital in space.
• Spin quantum number (ms): Describes the spin of the electron.