Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of physical therapy?

To provide long-term care for chronic conditions

To return patients to their maximum potential (correct)

To cure diseases through medication

To perform surgeries on injured patients

Which of the following is NOT a role of physical therapy in rehabilitation?

Pain management

Mobility improvement

Strength training

Surgical intervention (correct)

What does APTA stand for?

Association of Podiatric Therapy Advocates

American Physiotherapy Treatment Agency

American Physical Therapy Association (correct)

Association of Physical Therapy Academics

Which member of the rehabilitation team primarily performs therapeutic exercises?

Physical Therapist (PT) Signup and view all the answers

What is one specialty area within physical therapy?

Cardiac Rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the philosophy of rehabilitation?

To assist patients in achieving their optimum functional level Signup and view all the answers

In what decade did the development of the APTA start?

1920s Signup and view all the answers

What does physical medicine primarily utilize?

Rehabilitation specialties including PT, OT, and ST Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following is NOT typically a licensed member of the rehabilitation team?

Rehabilitation Aide Signup and view all the answers

Who oversees the medical needs in a rehabilitation setting?

Physiatrist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically treated by an Occupational Therapist?

Swallowing difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a Recreational Therapist?

Resuming hobbies and leisure activities Signup and view all the answers

What type of doctorate is required for a Physical Therapist?

DPT Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary difference between a Physical Therapist (PT) and a Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA)?

PT establishes the Plan of Care (POC). Signup and view all the answers

Which professional is responsible for coordinating with patients and their families in a rehabilitation team?

Licensed Clinical Social Worker Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments can a PTA NOT perform according to APTA guidelines?

Dry needling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding cognitive impairments in rehabilitation?

Speech Language Pathologists address cognitive impairments. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the role of the patient in rehabilitation?

The patient should help with goal setting. Signup and view all the answers

Which member of the rehabilitation team focuses on dietary needs?

Dietician Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of biofeedback techniques?

To decrease pain and promote relaxation Signup and view all the answers

Which technique utilizes tools to break up scar tissue?

Graston Signup and view all the answers

What does therapeutic exercise aim to improve?

Flexibility and strength, muscle reeducation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes gait training?

Ambulation with assistive devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of neuromuscular re-education?

Balance and muscle facilitation Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would passive range of motion (PROM) be utilized?

Following surgical procedures Signup and view all the answers

Aquatic therapy is particularly beneficial for which condition?

Patients with arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What does functional training focus on in a therapeutic setting?

Basic activities of daily living Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of job site analysis or ergonomic assessment?

To determine workplace safety Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy involves the gentle prolonged manual release of fascia?

Myofascial Release Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic method uses horses to either reduce or increase tone?

Hippotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What significant event in U.S. history contributed to the development of Physical Therapy?

The Industrial Revolution Signup and view all the answers

Who was recognized as the first Reconstruction Aide/Physical Therapist in the U.S.?

Mary McMillan Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was the first national body for physical therapists in the U.S.?

American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association Signup and view all the answers

What therapy involves using dolphins for treatment of cognitive and physical impairments?

Animal Facilitated Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What practice did the ancient Greeks and Romans use for physical therapy?

Hot wax treatments Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the worst polio epidemic occur in the U.S.?

1944 Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the goals of the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association?

To maintain scientific standards in physical therapeutics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy began with the use of electric fish and eels?

Electrotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Division of Special Hospitals and Physical Reconstruction established in 1917?

To train reconstruction aides Signup and view all the answers

Which organization changed its name to the American Physical Therapy Association in 1947?

American Physical Therapy Association Signup and view all the answers

What significant event increased the demand for physical therapists in the 1940s?

World War II Signup and view all the answers

What was the first physical therapy program established?

1928 Signup and view all the answers

Which accreditation change occurred in the 1970s for physical therapy programs?

APTA recognized as the accrediting agency Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the Affordable Care Act for physical therapy?

Increased insurance coverage for physical therapy sessions Signup and view all the answers

In the 2000s, which level of education became required for entry-level physical therapy degrees?

Doctorate degree Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)

PM&R utilizes rehabilitation specialties, including physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), speech language pathology (SLP), and recreational therapy, to maximize patient potential post-illness or injury.
The PM&R team includes a diverse group of professionals such as physicians, nurses, dieticians, psychologists, and social workers, with the patient and family playing a critical role in goal setting.

Roles of the Rehabilitation Team

A physiatrist oversees medical needs, primarily for neurological cases and chronic pain management.
PTs and PTAs are essential for physical rehabilitation, while OTs and COTAs focus on activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive impairments.
SLPs address difficulties in speech and swallowing, while recreational therapists help patients return to hobbies.

Differences between Physical Therapist (PT) and Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA)

PTs require a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree and are responsible for initial evaluations, developing plans of care (POC), and more complex treatments.
PTAs, trained at a technical school, have restricted practice primarily involving basic therapeutic interventions and support based on the PT’s POC.

Key Therapeutic Techniques

Manual Therapy: Techniques such as massage, joint mobilization, and myofascial release to alleviate pain and restore function.
Therapeutic Exercise: Aimed at increasing strength, flexibility, core stability, and circulation.
Functional Training: Involves rehabilitation of daily activities (ADLs and IADLs) and gait training with assistive devices.

History and Development of Physical Therapy in the U.S.

PT has roots dating back to 400 BC in Europe; early practices included hydrotherapy, massage, and electrotherapy.
Significant events prompting growth in PT were industrialization, polio epidemics, and WWI/WWII, leading to a greater need for rehabilitation services.
Mary McMillan became the first PT in the U.S. and founded the first national organization, later known as APTA in 1947.

Evolution of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)

APTA's early priorities included establishing professional standards, distributing medical literature, and providing training to individuals entering PT.
The organization has undergone significant changes, including the introduction of licensure, the establishment of PTA programs, and the push for direct access for patients to PT services.

Changes in PT Education and Practice

The educational pathway evolved from diploma programs to requiring a doctorate (DPT) as of 2020.
Specialized certifications have been introduced (e.g., CHT, OCS) to recognize advanced competencies in various areas of PT.

Current Trends and Issues in Physical Therapy

The Affordable Care Act and reimbursement issues remain pivotal for PT practice, impacting service delivery and access.
Trends such as telehealth, concierge services, and evidence-based practice are increasingly shaping the future of PT services.
Outcomes tracking (FOTO) provides comparative data to enhance treatment efficacy across clinics.

Physical Therapy Practice Settings

Patients typically navigate from acute care settings to subacute rehab, home health, and outpatient therapy.
Each setting addresses specific recovery stages, allowing for tailored interventions based on patient needs.

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Description

Explore the essential components of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R), focusing on the roles of various rehabilitation specialists including physicians, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. Understand the collaborative efforts of the rehabilitation team in maximizing patient recovery after illness or injury. This quiz will help clarify the distinctions between PTs and PTAs as well.