Physical Layer of OSI Model

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What is goodput?

The resistance to electrical current flow

The measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time (correct)

The amount of time, including delays, for data to travel

The measure of the transfer of bits across the media

What is the purpose of the Physical Layer in a network?

Accepting a complete frame from the Data Link Layer

Interpreting data on a medium by the receiving node

Establishing a physical connection to a local network (correct)

Transmitting data using radio waves

Which factor influences throughput?

Electromagnetic Interference

Radio Frequency Interference

Bandwidth

Type of traffic (correct)

What is a limitation of copper cabling?

Limited by distance Signup and view all the answers

Which layer does the Physical Layer occupy on the OSI model?

Physical Layer Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can data be transmitted over a network?

Physically wired or through radio waves Signup and view all the answers

What does crosstalk refer to?

Disturbance caused by electric or magnetic fields Signup and view all the answers

How is goodput different from throughput?

Goodput is the usable data transferred over a given period of time Signup and view all the answers

What type of device connects other devices to a wireless network?

Wireless Access Point (AP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of cabling used in networks today?

Copper Cabling Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the Physical Layer regarding Data Link Layer frames?

Encoding frames into signals for transmission Signup and view all the answers

How does the Physical Layer transport data frames across the network media?

Using electric signals Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can distort and corrupt data signals in copper cabling?

Attenuation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a network?

Connecting a device to the network Signup and view all the answers

How does goodput relate to traffic overhead?

Subtracts overhead from throughput Signup and view all the answers

Why must a physical connection to a local network be established before network communications?

So data can be represented and transmitted Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of encoding in the physical layer?

To convert the stream of bits into a format recognizable by the next device Signup and view all the answers

Which encoding method represents a high-to-low voltage transition as a 0 bit?

Manchester encoding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of signaling in the physical layer?

To generate electrical, optical, or wireless signals representing 1s and 0s Signup and view all the answers

Which Ethernet standard uses 8B/10B encoding?

1000BASE-T Signup and view all the answers

In which encoding method does the transition occur at the middle of each bit period?

Manchester encoding Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes codes in the context of encoding?

Codes provide a predictable pattern recognizable by sender and receiver Signup and view all the answers

What does the signaling method determine in the physical layer?

The representation of 1s and 0s on the physical medium Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the encoding process in the physical layer?

Encrypting the data for secure transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is a method used by some copper cables to mitigate crosstalk?

Twisting opposing circuit pair wires together Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fiber-optic cables that makes them less susceptible to signal loss?

Their low dispersion Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical application of single-mode fiber?

Long-distance, high-bandwidth connections Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of multimode fiber compared to single-mode fiber?

It has greater dispersion Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum cable distance for multimode fiber?

550 meters Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use case for fiber-optic cabling?

Connecting buildings in a campus Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of fiber-optic cabling compared to copper cabling?

It transmits data over longer distances at higher bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fiber-optic cable acting as a waveguide or light pipe?

To transmit light pulses Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of fiberoptic cables over copper cabling?

Immunity to electrical hazards Signup and view all the answers

Which cable type is best suited for relatively long distances?

Fiberoptic cabling Signup and view all the answers

What factor makes wireless media susceptible to interference?

Dependence on radio or microwave frequencies Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of WLANs can lead to reduced bandwidth for each user?

Operation in half-duplex mode Signup and view all the answers

What is an important characteristic of fiberoptic cabling for data transmission?

Immunity to interference Signup and view all the answers

Which factor distinguishes fiberoptic cabling from UTP cabling regarding distance limitations?

Relatively short distances for UTP cabling Signup and view all the answers

What makes fiberoptic cabling safer than UTP cabling in terms of electrical hazards?

High immunity to electrical hazards Signup and view all the answers

Why is wireless media considered highly mobile?

Usage of radio or microwave frequencies Signup and view all the answers