Physical Geography Branches

Geomorphology: Study of the shape and features of the Earth's surface, including landforms, mountains, and valleys.
Hydrology: Study of water on Earth, including its distribution, circulation, and physical properties.
Climatology: Study of the Earth's climate, including weather patterns, temperature, and precipitation.
Biogeography: Study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals.
Pedology: Study of soils, including their formation, composition, and distribution.

Lithosphere: The outermost solid layer of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle.
Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding the Earth, including the air we breathe.
Hydrosphere: The layer of water on and around the Earth, including oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Biosphere: The layer of life on Earth, including all living organisms.
Pedosphere: The layer of soil and rock on the Earth's surface.

Mountains: Natural elevations of the Earth's surface, formed by tectonic plate movement.
Plateaus: Elevated regions of land, often formed by volcanic activity.
Valleys: Low areas of land between hills or mountains.
Plains: Flat or gently sloping regions of land.
Coastlines: The boundary between land and sea.

Weathering: Breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, through wind, water, and ice.
Erosion: Movement of rocks and soil through wind, water, and ice.
Deposition: Accumulation of rocks and soil in a new location.
Plate Tectonics: Movement of the Earth's lithosphere, resulting in the creation of mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Earthquakes: Sudden movements of the Earth's crust, causing damage and destruction.
Volcanic eruptions: Emissions of hot ash, gas, and rock from volcanoes.
Landslides: Movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope.
Floods: Overwhelming amounts of water, often resulting from heavy rainfall or storm surges.

Geomorphology studies the shape and features of the Earth's surface, including landforms, mountains, and valleys.
Hydrology examines the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of water on Earth.
Climatology investigates the Earth's climate, including weather patterns, temperature, and precipitation.
Biogeography explores the geographic distribution of plants and animals.
Pedology focuses on the formation, composition, and distribution of soils.

The lithosphere is the outermost solid layer of the Earth, comprising the crust and upper mantle.
The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth, including the air we breathe.
The hydrosphere is the layer of water on and around the Earth, including oceans, lakes, and rivers.
The biosphere is the layer of life on Earth, encompassing all living organisms.
The pedosphere is the layer of soil and rock on the Earth's surface.

Mountains are natural elevations of the Earth's surface, formed by tectonic plate movement.
Plateaus are elevated regions of land, often formed by volcanic activity.
Valleys are low areas of land between hills or mountains.
Plains are flat or gently sloping regions of land.
Coastlines are the boundary between land and sea.

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through wind, water, and ice.
Erosion is the movement of rocks and soil through wind, water, and ice.
Deposition is the accumulation of rocks and soil in a new location.
Plate tectonics is the movement of the Earth's lithosphere, resulting in the creation of mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

Earthquakes are sudden movements of the Earth's crust, causing damage and destruction.
Volcanic eruptions are emissions of hot ash, gas, and rock from volcanoes.
Landslides are the movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope.
Floods are overwhelming amounts of water, often resulting from heavy rainfall or storm surges.

Physical geography studies the Earth's natural features, including landforms, climate, vegetation, and water.

Geomorphology examines the shape and features of the Earth's surface, including mountains, valleys, and plateaus.
Climatology investigates the Earth's climate, including temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions.
Hydrology focuses on the Earth's water resources, including rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Biogeography analyzes the distribution of plants and animals across the Earth's surface.
Pedology explores soils, including their formation, composition, and properties.

Mountains are natural elevations formed by tectonic plate movement or volcanic activity.
Plateaus are elevated regions of land formed by volcanic activity or erosion.
Valleys are low areas of land between hills or mountains.
Plains are flat or gently sloping regions of land.

Weather refers to temporary and local atmospheric conditions at a specific place and time.
Climate is the long-term average atmospheric conditions in a particular region.
Atmospheric Circulation involves the movement of air in the atmosphere, including wind patterns and ocean currents.