Physical Education Curriculum in Canada
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors contribute to physical inactivity in children?

  • Availability of organized sports programs
  • Strong family support for physical activity
  • Increased access to technology and screens (correct)
  • Lack of affordable healthy food options
  • What is the main goal of the Daily Physical Activity (DPA) Initiative?

  • To reduce the risk of obesity and chronic diseases in children
  • To increase students' physical activity levels during the school day (correct)
  • To improve students' academic performance through physical activity
  • To encourage students to participate in competitive sports
  • According to Margaret Whitehead, what does physical literacy encompass?

  • The ability to perform complex gymnastic routines
  • The fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills necessary for movement in various environments (correct)
  • The ability to analyze and critique different types of movement
  • The knowledge and skills to play a variety of sports
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a physically literate individual?

    <p>The ability to perform advanced dance techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between physical education and physical activity?

    <p>Physical education is a school subject, while physical activity can occur in various settings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model, what is the focus of the 'Active Start' stage (0-6 years)?

    <p>Introducing fundamental movement skills and a love of physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily amount of physical activity for children aged 6-14?

    <p>90 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of physical activity for children and youth?

    <p>Increased risk-taking behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between student learning outcomes and objectives?

    <p>Outcomes are broad statements of what students should know or be able to do, while objectives are more specific and detailed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of physical literacy?

    <p>Ability to perform advanced acrobatic stunts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching style provides learners with opportunities to practice a skill independently with the teacher offering group feedback?

    <p>Practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the teaching style where the teacher acts as an advisor, while the learner develops their own program.

    <p>Learner Designed Individual Program (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a well-written objective?

    <p>Assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between 'Assessment' and 'Evaluation'?

    <p>Assessment is gathering information, while evaluation is interpreting that information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the 'Command' teaching style?

    <p>Ensuring safety and control of the learning environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 'Yearly Plan' in Physical Education?

    <p>To outline the overall scope, sequence, and balance of learning outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching style encourages learners to explore multiple solutions to a problem?

    <p>Divergent Discovery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a 'Quantitive' criteria in an objective?

    <p>Ball lands in the court at least 80% of the time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment type is used primarily to evaluate student learning at the end of a unit or term?

    <p>Summative Assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the 'Affective Domain' in Physical Education objectives?

    <p>Attitudes and beliefs about the subject (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching style encourages learners to evaluate their own learning through self-check tasks?

    <p>Self-Check (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which teaching style do learners take turns as both the performer and the observer?

    <p>Reciprocal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'Discovery Threshold' in Mosston and Ashworth's teaching styles?

    <p>It separates the 'Reproduction' cluster from the 'Production' cluster (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment approach uses a pre-established standard or criteria to evaluate student performance?

    <p>Criterion-Referenced Assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key principle of assessment in the '4 C's' framework?

    <p>Competitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'Solid Block Schedule' in Physical Education?

    <p>A schedule that focuses on a specific activity for an extended period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of assessment should be focused on the psychomotor domain?

    <p>25-40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a guideline for self-assessment in teaching?

    <p>Conduct regular reviews of your teaching technique. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of fitness testing according to the guidelines?

    <p>It should be used as a formative assessment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered part of the cognitive domain of assessment?

    <p>Analysis and evaluation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended before assessing students in PE?

    <p>Define the behavior to be assessed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessment involves the use of descriptive criteria?

    <p>Rubrics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue related to assessing fitness?

    <p>Certain students may be unmotivated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT suggested for assessing students' personal growth in skills?

    <p>Encouraging competition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a quality PE program?

    <p>Emphasis on standardized tests and achievement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Physical Education curriculum, as described in the text?

    <p>To develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes to lead to an active, healthy lifestyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective PE teacher?

    <p>Ability to implement standardized curricula without modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the historical evolution of Physical Education in Canada?

    <p>It has shifted its emphasis from military training to competitive sports and then towards an emphasis on overall health and wellness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the "Teach Others" level on the Learning Pyramid?

    <p>It emphasizes the role of active teaching in deeper understanding and retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective PE teacher, as described in the text?

    <p>They rely primarily on traditional teaching methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Wave 3 in the history of Physical Education in Canada?

    <p>An increasing focus on health and wellness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Assessment Types

    Different methods used to evaluate students' performance in PE.

    Psychomotor Domain

    Focuses on physical skills and motor performance in education.

    Affective Domain

    Relates to students' attitudes, values, and emotions in learning.

    Cognitive Domain

    Encompasses knowledge, comprehension, and analytical skills.

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    Formative Assessment

    Continuous assessment to monitor student learning and improvement.

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    Fitness Testing

    Method to gauge student activity levels, not for direct grading.

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    Checklists in Assessment

    Tools that employ yes or no statements for self-assessment.

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    Exit Slips

    Short assessments collected at the end of a class to evaluate learning.

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    Reasons for physical inactivity

    Factors that lead to reduced physical activity such as violence, poor traffic, and lack of facilities.

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    Daily Physical Activity Initiative (DPA)

    A program requiring students to engage in 30 minutes of organized physical activity daily.

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    Physical Education

    A school subject focused on developing skills and knowledge for healthy living.

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    Physical Activity

    Any movement that expends energy, including sports, dance, and exercise.

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    Physical Literacy

    The ability to perform a variety of motor skills confidently and effectively in different settings.

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    Active for Life

    A lifelong commitment to maintain physical activity initiated in childhood.

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    LTAD Model

    Long-Term Athlete Development model promoting gradual skill development from childhood to competition.

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    Outcomes vs Objectives

    Outcomes are broad goals; objectives are specific learning targets for students.

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    Children's Physical Activity Recommendations

    Children aged 6-14 should aim for 90 minutes of physical activity daily.

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    Physically Literate Individuals

    People who can confidently engage in various physical activities and make healthy choices.

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    Wave 1 of PE in Canada

    Period from 1933-1957 influenced by British military training.

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    Wave 2 of PE in Canada

    1957-1972 period marked by the Cold War and emphasis on team sports.

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    Wave 3 of PE in Canada

    Last 50 years focusing on merging PE with health and wellness.

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    Physically educated

    Skills to perform various activities, become fit, and value physical activity.

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    Quality PE programs

    Programs characterized by enthusiastic teachers, safety, and appropriate activities.

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    Effective PE teacher

    A teacher with management skills, supportive learning, and professionalism.

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    Learning pyramid

    A model showing that teaching others leads to the highest retention rate.

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    Curriculum aim

    To develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes for an active, healthy lifestyle.

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    K-12 Education

    A U.S. system for education from kindergarten through 12th grade.

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    Physical Education's 5 Dimensions

    Focus areas requiring non-locomotor, locomotor, and manipulative skills.

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    Cooperation Benefits

    Improves skills like communication, fair play, teamwork, and leadership.

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    Yearly Plan Components

    Includes scope, sequence, and balance for effective education.

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    Objectives in Education

    Goals written in motor, cognitive, and affective domains.

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    Behavior in Objectives

    Describes expected actions or skills students should demonstrate.

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    Conditions in Objectives

    Specify the situation under which behavior should occur.

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    Teaching Styles Spectrum

    Range of approaches from command to self-teaching in education.

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    Command Teaching Style

    Teacher directs learning, students follow instructions closely.

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    Assessment vs Evaluation

    Assessment gathers data; evaluation judges its worth.

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    Summative Assessment

    Assessment at the end of an instructional unit to summarize learning.

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    4 C's of Assessment

    Continuous, Collaborative, Comprehensive, and Criteria-based.

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    Norm Referenced Assessment

    Compares student performance against others.

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    Criterion Referenced Assessment

    Measures performance against a fixed standard.

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    Study Notes

    History of Physical Education Curriculum in Canada

    • Wave 1 (1933-1957): Curriculum emerged from British military training syllabi.
    • Wave 2 (1957-1972): The Cold War and Sputnik launch influenced the curriculum, with a strong emphasis on competitive team sports and teaching styles.
    • Wave 3 (past 50 years): Physical Education and wellness are integrated, with health organizations playing a greater role in curriculum development.

    What Does it Mean to be Physically Educated?

    • Acquire skills for various physical activities.
    • Develop physical fitness.
    • Participate in physical activity for enjoyment and exhilaration.
    • Understand and value physical activity.
    • Understand how physical activity supports self-expression and social interaction.
    • Demonstrate responsible and social behaviour during physical activity.
    • Demonstrate respect for all individuals during physical activity.

    Characteristics of Quality PE Programs

    • Qualified and enthusiastic teachers.
    • Creative, safe use of facilities and equipment.
    • Regular instructional time.
    • Well-planned lessons with varied activities.
    • Age-appropriate and developmentally-supportive activities.
    • Focus on safety, learning, success, fair play, self-fulfillment, enjoyment, and personal health.
    • Gender-equitable activities and lessons.
    • High participation rates from all students.
    • Activities enhancing cardiovascular, muscular strength/endurance, muscular endurance, and flexibility.
    • Teacher reflection to enhance student success.

    Characteristics of an Effective PE Teacher

    • Strong management and organizational skills.
    • Creates a supportive learning environment.
    • Develops positive relationships with students.
    • Utilizes varied teaching styles.
    • Demonstrates strong professional qualities.
    • Possesses personal qualities.

    Exemplary PE Teacher Qualities

    • Relevant professional experience.
    • Continual professional development.
    • Valuing of students.
    • Effective instruction planning.
    • Positive classroom environment.
    • Enthusiasm for continuous improvement.

    Learning Pyramid

    • Lecture: Low knowledge retention.
    • Reading: Moderate knowledge retention.
    • Audiovisual: Moderate knowledge retention.
    • Demonstration: Moderate knowledge retention.
    • Discussion: Higher knowledge retention.
    • Practice doing: High knowledge retention.
    • Teach others: Highest knowledge retention (90%).

    Goal of the PE Curriculum

    • Develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes for an active and healthy lifestyle.

    Reasons for Physical Inactivity

    • Violence, high traffic density, poor air quality, and lack of parks, sidewalks, and facilities.

    PE and Physical Activity

    • Physical Education: School subject for developing skills, knowledge, and attitudes for active, healthy living.
    • Physical Activity: Any body movement expending energy (sports, dance, exercise). A medium for teaching curriculum content.

    Daily Physical Activity (DPA) Initiative

    • Increase daily physical activity among students.
    • 30 minutes of school-organized physical activity for grades 1–9.

    Child/Youth Physical Activity Recommendations

    • Children and youth (6–14) should accumulate 90 minutes of physical activity daily.

    Physical Activity and Learning

    • Physical activity improves brain function in children.

    Physical Literacy

    • Fundamental movement and sport skills for confident, economical movement in challenging situations (Margaret Whitehead).
    • Skills in ground, water, snow/ice, and air environments.

    Physically Literate Individuals

    • Consistently motivated to understand, communicate, apply, and analyse movement.
    • Demonstrate a variety of movements confidently, competently, creatively, and strategically.
    • Make healthy, active lifestyle choices.

    Active for Life

    • Promoting physical activity from early childhood throughout life.

    LTAD Model

    • Active Start (0–6 years)
    • Fundamentals
    • Learn to Train
    • Train to Train
    • Train to Compete
    • Train to Win
    • Active for Life

    Planning for Instruction

    • Starts with student learning outcomes.
    • Physical Literacy: Motivation, confidence, competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and engage in physical activity.
    • Outcomes: Broadly define what students should know after the program.
    • Objectives: Specific, detailed learning expectations. Outcomes guide objectives.
    • Outcomes levels: Program, stage, grade.

    Physical Education Core Areas

    • Activities (non-locomotor, locomotor, manipulative)
    • Health benefits (functional fitness, body image, wellbeing)
    • Cooperation (communication, fair play, leadership, teamwork)
    • Daily activity for life (effort, safety, goal setting/personal challenge, active living in the community)

    Yearly Planning

    • Scope: Content covered.
    • Sequence: Progression of content.
    • Balance: Equal coverage of all learning outcomes.
    • Schedule units: Solid block, modified block, multiple block.

    Content Organization

    • Elementary: Movement education, skill themes, skill types.
    • High School: Fundamental movement skills focus or concept teaching (e.g., teaching a concept).

    Yearly Plan vs Unit Plan

    • Unit plans achieve outcomes defined in the yearly plan.

    Objectives Domains

    • Motor Domain: Skill acquisition (what students can do).
    • Cognitive Domain: Knowledge and understanding (what students know).
    • Affective Domain: Attitudes, feelings, and beliefs (e.g., sportsmanship).

    Components of Objectives

    • Behavior: Actions expected.
    • Conditions: Context for behavior.
    • Criteria: Performance level expected (qualitative or quantitative).

    Teaching Styles

    • Mosston and Ashworth: Focus on teacher behaviour/learner decision-making. Includes pre-impact, impact, and post-impact time periods.
    • Teaching Styles: Command, practice, reciprocal, self-check, inclusion; guided/convergent/divergent discovery
      • Command: Teacher-directed learning for safety and skill mastery.
      • Practice: Learner-centered practicing, followed by group feedback.
      • Reciprocal: Learner taking turns giving feedback.
      • Self-Check: Learner evaluates own learning.
      • Inclusion: Varied challenge levels for learners' choices.
      • Guided Discovery: Teacher-led discovery for broader concepts.
      • Convergent Discovery: Individual reasoning for a predetermined answer.
      • Divergent Discovery: Multiple solutions for a single problem.
      • Learner-Designed Individual Program: Learner-directed solutions.
      • Learner-Initiated: Student-led learning activities.
      • Self-Teaching: Learners take full control.

    Assessment

    • Assessment vs Evaluation:
      • Assessment: Gathering information about student learning.
      • Evaluation: Judging the worth of something.
    • Summative Assessment: End-of-unit/term evaluation (grades).
    • Formative Assessment: Ongoing monitoring of student learning.

    Four C's of Assessment Principles

    • Continuous: Ongoing feedback about lesson effectiveness.
    • Collaborative: Involving students and parents in learning.
    • Comprehensive: Addressing curriculum outcomes through various strategies.
    • Criteria: Identifying critical aspects and demonstrating student learning. Shared criteria are useful.

    Assessment Types

    • Criterion-referenced: Comparing student performance to a set standard.
    • Norm-referenced: Comparing student performance to other students.
    • Psychomotor, Affective, Cognitive: Relative percentages for each domain in assessment.
    • Checklists, Rating Scales, Rubrics, Skill Tests.

    Fitness Assessment

    • Not for marks, but providing formative data for activity levels.

    Assessment Steps in PE

    • Define behaviors and acceptable indicators.
    • Utilize assessment tools (checklists, rating scales), providing feedback, practice and time for improvement.
    • Inform students about assessment criteria.

    Practical Application of Domains

    • Affective Domain: Students' feelings, values, attitudes (e.g., teamwork, sportsmanship). Use checklists to monitor attitudes.
    • Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation. Use observations, homework, journals.
    • Psychomotor Domain: Skills assessment (summative). Provide feedback, correction, practice for improvement. Formative assessments of skills.

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    Description

    Explore the evolution of the physical education curriculum in Canada, spanning from its military origins in the early 20th century to its modern integration of wellness and health. This quiz delves into the characteristics of quality PE programs and what it means to be physically educated today.

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