Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a reason why chemistry is important?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why chemistry is important?
What is the focus of analytical chemistry?
What is the focus of analytical chemistry?
What defines organic chemistry?
What defines organic chemistry?
Why is chemistry often referred to as the 'central science'?
Why is chemistry often referred to as the 'central science'?
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What ancient practice contributed to the development of chemistry?
What ancient practice contributed to the development of chemistry?
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Which statement correctly describes an independent variable in an experiment?
Which statement correctly describes an independent variable in an experiment?
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What distinguishes a scientific law from a theory?
What distinguishes a scientific law from a theory?
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Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?
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When conducting an experiment, what is the purpose of controls?
When conducting an experiment, what is the purpose of controls?
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What is required for a hypothesis to be considered scientifically valid?
What is required for a hypothesis to be considered scientifically valid?
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What was the primary reason for the shift from alchemy to true science in the 1500s?
What was the primary reason for the shift from alchemy to true science in the 1500s?
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What was Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's significant contribution to chemistry?
What was Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's significant contribution to chemistry?
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Which statement best reflects Lavoisier's findings about burning materials?
Which statement best reflects Lavoisier's findings about burning materials?
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What is the correct order of steps in problem-solving according to the scientific approach?
What is the correct order of steps in problem-solving according to the scientific approach?
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What was commonly believed about materials that burned during Lavoisier's time?
What was commonly believed about materials that burned during Lavoisier's time?
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What criteria help determine which hypothesis is considered the best solution?
What criteria help determine which hypothesis is considered the best solution?
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Which of the following best describes the scientific method?
Which of the following best describes the scientific method?
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What significance did the Royal Society of London have during the 1600s?
What significance did the Royal Society of London have during the 1600s?
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Study Notes
Physical Chemistry
- The area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change.
1.3 Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach
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Steps in Problem Solving
- Recognize the problem and state it clearly – Making an observation
- Propose possible solutions to the problem – Formulating a hypothesis
- Decide which of the solutions is the best, or decide whether the explanation proposed is reasonable – Performing an experiment
An Experimental Approach to Science
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By the 1500s in Europe, there was a shift from alchemy to true science. Science flourished in Britain in the 1600s. The Royal Society of London for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge was formed to discuss scientific concepts and conduct experiments. Scientists were encouraged to base their conclusions about the natural world on experimental evidence, not on philosophical debates.
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Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier
- Was a French nobleman and chemist who helped transform chemistry from a science of observation to a science of measurement
- "father of chemistry"
- Lavoisier was very meticulous about measuring the masses of reactants and products in the chemical reactions he performed. He even produced his own scale that was able to measure masses as small as 0.0005 grams.
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During Lavoisier's day, materials were thought to burn because they contained a substance called phlogiston. The phlogiston was believed to be released into the air as the material burned.
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Lavoisier believed that if the phlogiston theory was true, then the mass of a metal should decrease as it burns. He performed experiments which showed that the opposite actually occurs. When a metal burns, its mass increases.
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Lavoisier was able to show that oxygen, not phlogiston, is required for a material to burn.
1.4 Scientific Method
- The scientific method is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem.
- Steps in the scientific method include making observations, proposing and testing hypotheses, and developing theories.
- When you use your senses to obtain information, you make an observation.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of physical chemistry and the scientific approach to problem-solving. Discover the historical shift from alchemy to modern science and learn about key figures like Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier. This quiz will challenge your understanding of concepts related to energy transfer and experimental methods in chemistry.
