Physical Chemistry Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best describes the focus of physical chemistry?

  • The analysis of substances to determine their composition.
  • The application of physical principles to understand chemical systems. (correct)
  • The study of carbon-containing compounds and their reactions.
  • The synthesis of new organic molecules.

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the fundamental states of matter?

  • Compound (correct)
  • Gas
  • Solid
  • Liquid

In thermodynamics, what distinguishes a 'system' from its 'surroundings'?

  • The system refers only to gases, while the surroundings include liquids and solids.
  • The system includes everything in the universe, whereas the surroundings are limited to the lab.
  • The system is the specific part of the universe being studied, while the surroundings are everything else. (correct)
  • The system and surroundings are always in equilibrium with each other.

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, which statement is correct regarding energy in a system?

<p>The total energy of an isolated system is constant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'rate constant' (k) in chemical kinetics primarily indicate?

<p>The speed of a reaction at a specific temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is a direct consequence of the wave-particle duality principle?

<p>The quantization of energy levels in atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical bond is primarily formed through the sharing of electrons between atoms?

<p>Covalent Bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a buffer solution?

<p>To maintain a constant pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concentration units is temperature-dependent?

<p>Molarity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In electrochemistry, what is the function of a galvanic cell?

<p>To use a spontaneous chemical reaction to generate electrical energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Chemistry

The branch of chemistry applying physics to chemical systems, studying matter properties, reactions, thermodynamics, and transport phenomena.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space; it's the 'stuff' around us.

Atom

The basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus (protons/neutrons) surrounded by electrons.

Molecule

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, representing a stable configuration.

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Element

A substance that cannot be broken down, consisting of atoms with the same number of protons.

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Compound

A substance with two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.

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Mixture

Combination of substances physically combined, not chemically bonded.

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Chemical Reactions

A process involving rearrangement of atoms/molecules to form new substances.

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Energy

The capacity to do work or transfer heat, quantifiable in various forms.

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Entropy

A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system, crucial in thermodynamics.

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Study Notes

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