30 Questions
What are the preschool years often called by parents?
The troublesome age
What characterizes the behavior of children in their preschool years?
Negativistic when restricted
What tends to happen if a child's explorations are not properly guided during their early childhood?
They create trouble for themselves and the family
What is a common characteristic of early childhood according to the text?
Dynamic and active behavior
What motivates preschool-age children to explore and discover the world around them?
Newfound freedom and autonomy
Why do parents sometimes refer to the preschool years as the 'toy age'?
'Toy age' indicates a period of playfulness and exploration
What does the term 'proximal' mean in the context of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
Nearby
What is the upper limit of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The level of additional responsibility the child can accept with assistance of an able instructor
What is the purpose of scaffolding, as described in the text?
To adjust the guidance provided to the child's current performance level
What is the role of the 'More Knowledgeable Other' (MKO) in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
To adjust the guidance provided to the child's current performance level
What is the lower limit of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), according to the text?
The level of cognitive development reached by the preschool child independently
Why do preschool children need assistance from more-skilled children and adults to achieve their highest cognitive development?
Because they are unable to achieve their highest cognitive development on their own
What is the main purpose of growth hormones being released during the dream state?
To allow preschoolers to regain energy
Which statement accurately describes primary teeth?
Primary teeth are also known as baby teeth or milk teeth
What is the main difference between locomotor and non-locomotor skills in preschoolers?
Locomotor skills involve moving from one place to another, while non-locomotor skills involve staying in place.
What is a characteristic of manipulative skills in preschoolers?
Involves projecting and receiving objects like throwing and catching
When is the development of primary teeth initiated?
At five weeks' gestation
At what age do preschoolers generally exhibit the highest level of physical activity?
Around three years old
What did the preschoolers do when playing together?
Played with agreed-upon rules and roles
How were conflicts between children typically resolved during the observation?
Children managed to resolve conflicts by themselves
What role did adults play in resolving conflicts among children?
They rarely intervened in conflicts
Were the preschoolers polite in their interactions?
Yes, they used polite words and gestures
What kind of gestures or words did the children use to display politeness?
Thank you, sorry, etc.
How did the observation provide insight into preschoolers' behavior?
It gave a glimpse into their world and interactions
What is the main focus of the passage?
The physical growth and development of preschoolers
According to the passage, what is the best time to introduce a child to learning new skills?
During the preschool years
Which of the following is NOT a common physical characteristic of preschoolers mentioned in the passage?
Slender appearance like a teenager
According to the passage, what can disrupt the normalcy of a preschooler's life?
Common childhood illnesses
What does the passage suggest about preschoolers with physical defects?
They should be taught to accept their conditions.
What is the significance of the center of gravity mentioned in the passage?
It refers to the point where body weight is evenly distributed.
Study Notes
Maximizing Growth and Development
- Caregivers and teachers can play a significant role in promoting the growth and development of preschoolers.
- Preschoolers with special needs in inclusive classrooms can thrive with appropriate adaptations made in the classroom, materials, and activities.
Physical Growth and Development
- Physical growth increases in the preschool years, although it is slower than in infancy and toddlerhood.
- At around 3 years of age, preschoolers move towards a more slender appearance of a child.
- The trunk, arms, and legs become longer, and weight and height increase with chronological age.
- Bones are soft and pliable, making this age ideal for learning skills.
- Adipose or fatty tissues develop faster than muscles.
- Children's illnesses are common and may disrupt their normal lives.
- Some children may be born with physical defects or defects due to accidents.
Characteristics of Early Childhood
- Preschool years are characterized by parents as the troublesome or problem age, as well as the toy age.
- Children exhibit negativistic behavior when told not to pursue activities.
- They have a tendency to try out many things and may show independence.
- The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) captures the preschool children's cognitive skills that are maturing.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
- ZPD refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help.
- The lower limit of the ZPD is the level of cognitive development reached by the preschool child independently.
- The upper limit is the level of additional responsibility the child can accept with assistance.
Scaffolding and Cognitive Development
- Scaffolding refers to the changing support over the course of a teaching session, with the more skilled person adjusting guidance to fit the child's current performance level.
- More skilled person is also called More Knowledgeable Other (MKO).
- Vygotsky asserted that preschool children are unable to achieve their highest cognitive development on their own and that they can improve their cognitive development through use of scaffolding.
Motor Development in Early Childhood
- Gross motor development refers to acquiring skills that involve the large muscles.
- Gross motor skills are categorized into three: locomotor, nonlocomotor, and manipulative skills.
- Preschoolers are generally physically active, with the highest level of activity around three years old.
Sleep and Development
- During sleep, especially in the dream state, growth hormones are released, and blood supply to the muscles is increased.
- Brain activity is also increased during this stage.
Primary Teeth Development
- Primary teeth begin developing while the baby is in the womb, around five weeks' gestation.
- At birth, the baby has a full set of 20 primary teeth hidden within the gums.
Test your knowledge on the physical characteristics that occur during early childhood. Examine a picture and identify the physical traits commonly associated with this developmental stage.
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