Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primarily characterizes Type 1 Diabetes?
What primarily characterizes Type 1 Diabetes?
Children typically engage in sedentary play activities during recess.
Children typically engage in sedentary play activities during recess.
False
What is the leading cause of accidental death among school-age US children?
What is the leading cause of accidental death among school-age US children?
Accidental Injuries
Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by __________.
Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by __________.
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Match the following principles of conservation with their descriptions:
Match the following principles of conservation with their descriptions:
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At what age do children typically enter the Concrete Operational Stage according to Jean Piaget?
At what age do children typically enter the Concrete Operational Stage according to Jean Piaget?
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Hypertension in children is unrelated to learning disabilities.
Hypertension in children is unrelated to learning disabilities.
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What cognitive abilities are associated with the Information-Processing Approach?
What cognitive abilities are associated with the Information-Processing Approach?
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What does 'executive function' primarily involve?
What does 'executive function' primarily involve?
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School-age children can concentrate longer and focus on relevant information better than younger children.
School-age children can concentrate longer and focus on relevant information better than younger children.
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What is meant by 'seriation' in cognitive development?
What is meant by 'seriation' in cognitive development?
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Children develop better understanding of __________, which allows them to interpret maps and navigate their environment.
Children develop better understanding of __________, which allows them to interpret maps and navigate their environment.
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Match the cognitive skills with their descriptions:
Match the cognitive skills with their descriptions:
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Which factor is NOT listed as affecting children's sleep?
Which factor is NOT listed as affecting children's sleep?
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Girls generally retain less fatty tissue than boys during middle childhood.
Girls generally retain less fatty tissue than boys during middle childhood.
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What is the average amount of sleep recommended for children during middle childhood?
What is the average amount of sleep recommended for children during middle childhood?
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The recommended daily calorie intake for schoolchildren aged 9 to 13 years ranges from ______ to ______.
The recommended daily calorie intake for schoolchildren aged 9 to 13 years ranges from ______ to ______.
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Match the following child-related issues with their descriptions:
Match the following child-related issues with their descriptions:
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What are 6-9 year olds in middle childhood recommended to have more of?
What are 6-9 year olds in middle childhood recommended to have more of?
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Playing with unrealistic dolls, such as Barbie, can influence body image and possibly lead to eating disorders.
Playing with unrealistic dolls, such as Barbie, can influence body image and possibly lead to eating disorders.
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What type of play involves laughing and screaming along with physical activities such as kicking and grappling?
What type of play involves laughing and screaming along with physical activities such as kicking and grappling?
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What may indicate a child has sleep-disordered breathing?
What may indicate a child has sleep-disordered breathing?
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Increased volume of gray matter is linked with higher IQ in post-puberty children.
Increased volume of gray matter is linked with higher IQ in post-puberty children.
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What are some factors that contribute to poor nutrition in children?
What are some factors that contribute to poor nutrition in children?
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________ is characterized by sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
________ is characterized by sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
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Which condition is described as one that persists for 3 months or more?
Which condition is described as one that persists for 3 months or more?
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Match the following conditions with their characteristics:
Match the following conditions with their characteristics:
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The overall volume of gray matter peaks later in girls than in boys.
The overall volume of gray matter peaks later in girls than in boys.
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Name a cause of the decline in gray matter density with age.
Name a cause of the decline in gray matter density with age.
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Study Notes
Physical Development
- Girls retain more fatty tissue than boys
- Tooth decay is a common chronic issue in children
- Access to proper dental care is crucial for young children
- Recommended daily caloric intake for 9-13 year olds varies by gender and activity level (1400-2600)
- Average sleep for children is 10 hours
- Factors affecting sleep include screen exposure, physical inactivity, and secondhand smoke
- Persistent snoring (at least 3x/week) may indicate sleep-disordered breathing, impacting behavior and learning
- Improved information processing and distraction avoidance are seen in children
- Gray matter volume peaks earlier in girls (1-2 years)
- Gray matter density increases pre-puberty and decreases post-puberty
Middle and Late Childhood
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Middle and late childhood span from 6-12 years of age
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Important aspects of this stage include:
- verbal expression (counting, jumping rope)
- Rough-and-tumble play
- Body image becomes important, potentially leading to eating disorders (especially in girls)
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Factors influencing children's obesity include genetics and poor diet.
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Common acute illnesses include infections and warts
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Chronic medical conditions can include asthma or diabetes affecting respiration.
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Diabetes is a common condition that can be a result of a defective insulin production or ineffective insulin action
Cognitive Development
- Concrete Operational Stage (7 years): logical thinking, considering multiple aspects of situations, real world application
- Children can understand spatial concepts and causality in the present
- Categorization, seriation (ordering), and transitive inferences (A<B<C) are understood
- Inductive and deductive reasoning becomes more sophisticated.
Language and Literacy
- Children use more precise verbs, metaphors, and similes
- Sentence structure becomes more complex
- Girls tend to express themselves in a more tentative and cooperative manner.
Child in School
- Children's belief in their abilities (efficacy) increases with success in school.
- Self-efficacy grows with success in school, helping children to be more confident in their abilities.
- Girls generally do better in school than boys.
Educating Children with Special Needs
- Intellectual disability is characterized by significant subnormal cognitive functioning.
- Intervention programs support those with mild or moderate disabilities or those on the borderline to hold jobs, live in the community, and be socially successful.
Learning Disabilities
- Dyslexia (difficulty reading/spelling), dysgraphia (difficulty with handwriting), and dyscalculia (difficulty with arithmetic) are common learning disabilities
- Symptoms of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
- Autism spectrum disorder may be pervasive or mild
- Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder include defiant, disobedience, and hostility towards adults.
- Symptoms of conduct disorder are aggressive and antisocial behaviors.
Psychosocial Development: Self
- Children develop a self-concept, an overall picture of their abilities and characteristics, with a more generalized, trait-based understanding.
- Self-esteem is a self-evaluative element in one's self-concept which can influence judgments about their worth.
Psychosocial Development: Child in the Peer Group
- Peer groups are fundamental for children's social development
- Children learn how to adjust needs within the group.
- Children can evaluate their capabilities and gain confidence.
- Prejudice can affect children negatively.
- Girls participate more in cross-gender activities than boys.
- Socially popular children and rejected children are distinct categories.
Psychosocial Development: Child in the Family
- Coregulation is a shared parental-child power dynamic.
- Children are more likely to follow parents' wishes if parents are perceived to be fair and caring.
- Family conflict can affect children negatively, leading to various reactions.
Moral Development
- Kohlberg's stages of moral development delineate how children view right and wrong.
- Pre-conventional morality is characterized by a focus on consequences (rewards and punishments).
- Conventional reasoning emphasizes social approval and established norms.
- Post-conventional reasoning suggests that morality is more deeply internalised.
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Description
This quiz covers the physical development and growth patterns in middle and late childhood, particularly from ages 6 to 12. It explores key aspects such as body composition, sleep patterns, and cognitive development related to gray matter changes. Test your knowledge on how various factors impact children's health and well-being during these formative years.
