Physical and Climate Geography

Study Notes

Studies the natural features of the Earth's surface, including:
- Landforms (mountains, valleys, plateaus)
- Water bodies (oceans, lakes, rivers)
- Climate and weather patterns
- Soil and vegetation
Examines the processes that shape the Earth's surface, such as:
- Tectonic plate movement
- Weathering and erosion
- Glaciation and fluvial processes

Examines the Earth's climate and its variability, including:
- Temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation patterns
- Climate zones and regions (tropical, temperate, polar)
- Climate change and its impacts on the environment and human societies
Investigates the factors that influence climate, such as:
- Latitude and altitude
- Ocean currents and sea surface temperature
- Human activities (greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation)

Studies the relationship between economy and geography, including:
- Location and spatial distribution of economic activities (industry, agriculture, services)
- Factors influencing economic development (natural resources, infrastructure, labor markets)
- Globalization and international trade
Examines the impact of economic activities on the environment and human societies, including:
- Resource extraction and exploitation
- Environmental degradation and pollution
- Economic inequality and disparities

Explores the relationship between culture and geography, including:
- Cultural identity and sense of place
- Language and linguistics
- Religion and spirituality
Investigates how cultural practices and values shape the use of space, including:
- Settlement patterns and urbanization
- Land use and landscape modification
- Symbolic and cultural landscapes (monuments, heritage sites)

The study and practice of creating maps, including:
- Map projections and scale
- Cartographic visualization and representation
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis
Examines the role of maps in:
- Communicating geographic information and data
- Understanding spatial relationships and patterns
- Informing decision-making and policy-making

Focuses on Earth's natural features: landforms like mountains, valleys, plateaus; water bodies such as oceans, lakes, and rivers; climate and weather patterns; as well as soil and vegetation.
Investigates processes that shape the Earth, including tectonic plate movement, weathering, erosion, glaciation, and fluvial (river-related) processes.

Analyzes Earth's climate variability, encompassing temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation patterns, alongside climate zones like tropical, temperate, and polar.
Studies climate change effects on both the environment and human societies.
Explores factors influencing climate: latitude, altitude, ocean currents, sea surface temperature, and human actions like greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation.

Examines the intersection of economy and geography, focusing on the spatial distribution of economic activities such as industry, agriculture, and services.
Investigates elements that influence economic development, including natural resources, infrastructure, and labor markets, as well as globalization and international trade.
Evaluates the impact of economic activities on the environment and society, highlighting issues like resource extraction, environmental degradation, pollution, and economic inequalities.

Explores the interplay of culture and geography, touching on cultural identity, sense of place, language, and religion.
Investigates how cultural practices and values shape spatial usage, including settlement patterns, urbanization, land use changes, and cultural landscapes such as monuments and heritage sites.

Involves the study and creation of maps, focusing on map projections, scale, cartographic visualization, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Assess the role of maps in effectively communicating geographic information, understanding spatial relationships, and guiding decision-making in policies and planning.