Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Qualitative physical properties are attributes that can be described but not measured numerically, such as color, odor, and texture. Examples: color (red), texture (crystalline). Quantitative physical properties can be described using measurements and numbers, such as density, weight, and melting point. Examples: density (g/cm³), melting point (°C).

If a substance is described as malleable and ductile, it means that it has the ability to be bent or shaped (malleability) and the ability to be pulled into wires (ductility). These properties suggest that the substance is a metal.

Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance, while viscosity refers to the ability of a substance to flow. These two properties are related because the solubility of a substance can affect its viscosity when dissolved in another substance. For example, honey exhibits both solubility (it can dissolve in water) and viscosity (it has a thick, syrupy consistency).

<p>Electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct electricity. Materials with high electrical conductivity are classified as conductors, while materials with low or negligible electrical conductivity are classified as insulators. Semiconductors are materials with conductivity between that of conductors and insulators, and their conductivity can be controlled by doping or other means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brittleness refers to the ability of a material to break or shatter easily, while hardness refers to the ability of a material to resist scratching or indentation. For example, glass is hard (resistant to scratching) but brittle (can shatter easily), while lead is soft (can be scratched or indented) but not brittle (bends rather than shattering).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid, the boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas, and the freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. These physical properties are used to characterize the phase changes of a substance, where the melting point marks the transition from solid to liquid, the boiling point marks the transition from liquid to gas, and the freezing point marks the transition from liquid to solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of a substance, such as density or luster. A chemical property describes the behavior of a substance during a chemical reaction, where its composition changes, such as combustibility or reaction with acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The property being exhibited is a chemical property, specifically the reaction with acid. This is because a chemical reaction is occurring, where the original substance is transforming into new substances (gas and salt) with a different chemical composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differences in luster are considered physical properties. Luster is a qualitative physical property that describes the appearance or shine of a substance's surface, but it does not involve a change in the chemical composition of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the chemical and physical properties of substances is crucial in chemistry and materials science because it allows for the identification, classification, and prediction of how materials will behave under different conditions. This knowledge is essential for selecting appropriate materials for specific applications and understanding the underlying processes involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wood exhibits both physical and chemical properties. Its physical property is its density (a quantitative measure), while its chemical property is its combustibility (the ability to catch fire and burn, which involves a chemical reaction).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass is a physical property because it can be measured without changing the chemical composition of the object. On the other hand, the ability to catch fire is a chemical property because it involves a chemical reaction (combustion) that transforms the substance into new substances with different chemical compositions.</p> Signup and view all the answers