Phylum Porifera - Sponges Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How would you describe the body symmetry of sponges?

There is no symmetry. Sponges are asymmetrical.

Identify several differences among the specimens on display.

Color, shape, form, size, and texture.

Do all of the specimens have a single large osculum?

True (A)

What components make up the dried specimens of sponges?

<p>Spicules and sponge collagen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for differences in the hardness of sponge bodies?

<p>The composition and thickness of the skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are definite tissue layers present in Hydra? If so, how many?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What embryonic layers give rise to the tissue layers of Hydra's body?

<p>Endoderm and ectoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do the oral arms serve in Class Scyphozoa organisms?

<p>Food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For what purpose do radial canals serve in Class Scyphozoa?

<p>Movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of symmetry does a sea anemone exhibit?

<p>Radial symmetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surface would face upward in a living sea anemone specimen?

<p>The surface with the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would the majority of the cnidocytes be found on a sea anemone?

<p>Polyps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do all representatives in the clade Radiata exhibit radial symmetry?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how radial symmetry applies to colonial animals like corals.

<p>Radial symmetry applies to coral as most corals are circular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you think there are no sensory structures on the fluke like those seen in the planarian?

<p>They do not aid in its mode of nutrition/life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sponge Symmetry

Sponges lack a symmetrical body plan. They have an irregular shape with no specific pattern.

Sponge Variations

Differences in color, shape, form, size, and texture can be observed among various sponge species.

Single Osculum in Sponges

All sponges possess a single opening, known as the osculum, for water to exit.

Sponge Composition

The structural components of dried sponges are primarily spicules (small, hard structures) and sponge collagen (a flexible protein).

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Sponge Hardness

The hardness of sponge bodies is determined by the composition and thickness of their skeletal structures.

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Hydra Tissue Layers

Hydra lacks definite tissue layers, unlike more complex multicellular organisms.

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Hydra Embryonic Layers

The tissue layers of Hydra's body originate from two embryonic layers: endoderm (inner layer) and ectoderm (outer layer).

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Scyphozoan Oral Arms

The oral arms of scyphozoans (jellyfish) are primarily involved in capturing and feeding on prey.

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Scyphozoan Radial Canals

Radial canals in scyphozoans serve as a network for fluid movement within the body, facilitating locomotion.

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Sea Anemone Symmetry

Sea anemones demonstrate radial symmetry, meaning their bodies can be divided into equal halves along multiple planes.

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Sea Anemone Mouth Position

In living sea anemones, the surface with the mouth faces upwards, allowing access to prey.

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Cnidocyte Location

Cnidocytes, the stinging cells, are primarily concentrated on the polyps of sea anemones.

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Radial Symmetry in Radiata

All members of the Radiata clade, including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, exhibit radial symmetry.

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Radial Symmetry in Corals

Radial symmetry applies to colonial animals like corals because individual polyps in a coral colony typically possess a circular structure.

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Fluke Sensory Structures

The lack of sensory structures on flukes, unlike planarians, is likely because these structures are not essential for their parasitic lifestyle, which relies on feeding from a host.

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Study Notes

Phylum Porifera - Sponges

  • Sponges possess asymmetrical body symmetry, adapting their shape to fit the environment.
  • Variations among sponge specimens include differences in color, shape, form, size, and texture.
  • All sponge specimens typically feature a single large osculum, an opening for water expulsion.
  • Dried sponge specimens consist of spicules and sponge collagen, remnants of their structure.
  • Variations in hardness of sponge bodies result from the composition and thickness of their skeletal structures.

Relation to Hydra and Other Classes

  • Hydra exhibits two definite tissue layers, comprised of endoderm and ectoderm, derived from embryonic development.
  • In Class Scyphozoa, the oral arms serve primarily for food capture.
  • Radial canals extending from the gastrovascular cavity in Scyphozoa facilitate movement.

Sea Anemone and Corals

  • Sea anemones demonstrate radial symmetry, characterized by their circular body plan.
  • The mouth surface of a living sea anemone faces upward, critical for feeding.
  • Cnidocytes, specialized cells for capturing prey, are predominantly found on the polyps of sea anemones.
  • Corals fall under the clade Radiata, known for showcasing radial symmetry consistently across representatives.
  • Radial symmetry in colonial animals like corals reflects a circular arrangement, contributing to their structural and functional organization.

Flukes and Sensory Structures

  • Flukes lack sensory structures commonly seen in planarians since they do not contribute significantly to their nutrition or survival methods.

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Description

Test your knowledge about Phylum Porifera with this quiz focused on sponges. Explore their body symmetry, differences among specimens, and other unique characteristics. Perfect for biology enthusiasts and students alike.

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