Phylum Platyhelminthes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the phylum of flatworms?

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms are acoelomate, meaning they lack a true body cavity.

True (A)

What type of symmetry do flatworms exhibit?

Bilateral symmetry

Which of these is NOT a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes?

<p>Annelida (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name given to the class Cestoda?

<p>Tapeworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most members of the Turbellaria class live?

<p>In freshwater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monogenea are typically endoparasites.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for members of the class Digenea?

<p>Flukes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cestoda are segmented worms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name for the planarian?

<p>Dugesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of sense organs are found in flatworms?

<p>Eyespots</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do flatworms typically reproduce?

<p>Both asexually and sexually (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Fasciola?

<p>Fascioliasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the most common liver fluke in Egypt?

<p>Fasciola gigantica</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Fasciola?

<p>Metacercariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary host for Fasciola?

<p>Vertebrates, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fasciola has a complete digestive system with both a mouth and an anus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the blood fluke that causes schistosomiasis?

<p>Schistosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma?

<p>Cercariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cercariae of Schistosoma penetrate the host through the mouth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the developmental stage that results from the cercariae penetrating the host?

<p>Schistosomulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproductive system do cestodes have?

<p>Hermaphroditic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cestodes have a complete digestive system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the head of a tapeworm?

<p>Scolex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of proglottids found in tapeworms?

<p>Immature, mature, and gravid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tapeworms reproduce sexually, both through cross-fertilization and self-fertilization.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Taenia saginata?

<p>Beef tapeworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Taenia solium?

<p>Pork tapeworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The infective stage of Taenia is the cysticercus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Taenia?

<p>Taeniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nematodes are bilaterally symmetrical.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nematodes are acoelomate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>Eelworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>Ascariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>Rhabditiform larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ascaris lumbricoides has a complete digestive system with both a mouth and an anus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Ancylostoma duodenale?

<p>Hookworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hookworms are endoparasites.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of hookworms?

<p>Filariform larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

A phylum of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented, triploblastic worms that lack internal body cavities (acoelomates).

Epidermis in Platyhelminthes

A soft, ciliated outer layer in free-living flatworms (Turbellaria), or a tough, protective outer layer in parasitic flatworms that helps them attach to hosts.

Class Turbellaria

A type of flatworm that is free-living and usually has a ciliated epidermis.

Class Monogenea

A type of flatworm that is ectoparasitic, meaning it lives on the outside of its host.

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Class Digenea

A type of flatworm that is endoparasitic, meaning it lives inside its host, particularly in the liver.

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Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)

A type of flatworm that is endoparasitic and segmented, like a tapeworm.

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Dugesia (Planaria)

A prominent example of a free-living flatworm, often used in labs.

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Fasciola spp. (Liver Flukes)

A type of flatworm that lives in the bile ducts of the liver, causing the disease fascioliasis (liver rot).

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Schistosoma spp. (Blood Flukes)

A type of flatworm that lives in the blood, causing schistosomiasis (bilharziasis).

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Metacercaria (Fasciola)

The infective stage of Fasciola, a cyst that can be found on aquatic plants.

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Cercaria (Schistosoma)

The infective stage of Schistosoma, a larva that penetrates the skin.

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Taeniarhynchus saginatus (Taenia saginata)

A tapeworm species that can infect humans by eating undercooked beef.

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Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm)

A tapeworm species that can infect humans by eating undercooked pork.

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Scolex (Cestoda)

The head of a tapeworm, which contains suckers and hooks for attachment to the host.

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Proglottid (Cestoda)

Segments of a tapeworm, produced by the neck, which contain reproductive organs.

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Bladder Worm (Cestoda)

The stage of the parasite that contains the infective larva of Taenia saginata and Taenia solium.

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Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

A phylum of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented, triploblastic worms with a pseudocoelom.

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Cuticle (Nematoda)

The outer layer of a roundworm, providing protection and a smooth surface.

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Ascaris lumbricoides (Eelworm)

A common intestinal parasite of humans, especially children, that causes ascariasis.

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Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm)

An intestinal parasite of humans that causes hookworm infection.

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Trichinella spiralis

A type of roundworm that causes trichinosis, a disease transmitted by eating undercooked meat, especially pork.

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Second Rhabditiform Larva (Ascaris)

The infective stage of Ascaris, a larva that is ready to penetrate the host.

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Filariform Larva (Ancylostoma)

The infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale, a larva that can penetrate the skin.

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Pseudocoelom (Nematoda)

The fluid-filled body cavity in roundworms, not lined by mesoderm.

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Head (Nematoda)

The anterior end of a roundworm that contains the mouth and sensory structures.

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Sensory Papillae (Nematoda)

Sensory structures on the head of a roundworm that help it sense its environment.

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Amphid (Nematoda)

A type of sensory structure on the head of a roundworm that is involved in smell and taste.

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Vulva (Nematoda)

The reproductive opening in female roundworms.

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Cloaca (Nematoda)

The opening at the posterior end of a male roundworm that serves as both an anus and a reproductive opening.

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Penial Spicules (Nematoda)

The spiky structures found at the posterior end of a male roundworm that help in copulation.

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Study Notes

Phylum Platyhelminthes

  • Flatworms are dorsoventrally compressed with bilateral symmetry.
  • They are triploblastic.
  • The epidermis is ciliated in some species (e.g., Turbellaria), while others have a tegument (e.g., Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda), potentially with suckers or hooks for attachment to a host.
  • They lack a secondary body cavity (acoelomate).
  • The muscular system is well-developed.
  • They have an incomplete digestive system (mouth but no anus).
  • Their excretory system includes flame cells or solenocytes.
  • They possess some sense organs and a central nervous system.
  • Most are hermaphroditic (except Schistosoma).
  • They lack skeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems.
  • The phylum is divided into 5 main classes: Turbellaria (mostly free-living), Monogenea (ectoparasitic), Aspidogastrea, Digenea (endoparasitic), and Cestoda (tapeworms, endoparasitic, segmented).

Class Turbellaria (Order Tricladida - Dugesia (Planaria))

  • Mostly free-living flatworms.

Class Digenea

  • All are endoparasitic.
  • Their bodies are flattened and unsegmented.
  • They attach to host tissues using suckers.
  • They have a complex muscular system and lack an anus.
  • They possess excretory organs and a nervous system.
  • Infections are classified by location (Fasciola - liver flukes, Schistosoma - blood flukes, Heterophyes - intestinal flukes).

Class Cestoda

  • These are tapeworms or gutless flatworms.
  • Their bodies are elongated and segmented.
  • They have a head (scolex) with suckers, hooks, or bothria for attachment.
  • The body consists of proglottids, which are reproductive segments.
  • They have three types of proglottids: immature, mature, and gravid.
  • They lack a digestive system and absorb nutrients through their tegument.
  • They have a nervous system composed of nerve bundles and nerve cords.
  • Their excretory system includes ducts and pores.
  • They reproduce through cross-fertilization or self-fertilization and have a distinctive life cycle.
  • Key examples: Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

Phylum Nematoda

  • These are roundworms or threadworms.
  • They are bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented, and triploblastic.
  • They are pseudocoelomate, meaning they have a body cavity that's not completely lined with mesoderm.
  • They have a complete digestive system with a mouth and an anus.
  • They lack respiratory and circulatory systems.
  • Their body wall has a cuticle and longitudinal muscles.
  • They have an excretory system of canals or glandular organs.
  • Most are dioecious (separate sexes), and fertilization is internal.
  • They have nerves & a nervous system with anterior and posterior rings and nerves.
  • Their eggs have a chitinous shell.
  • They typically undergo direct development (no larval stages).
  • Classified into two main classes: Secernentea (includes worms like Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Enterobius vermicularis) and Aphasmidea(includes worms like Trichinella spiralis).

Ascaris lumbricoides

  • A common intestinal parasite of humans and other animals.
  • Causes ascariasis, a disease that ranges from mild abdominal discomfort to severe complications (obstruction, hepatitis).
  • Infection occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or water, containing infective larvae.
  • Ascaris has characteristic anterior and posterior morphology.

Ancylostoma duodenale

  • Causes hookworm disease (ancylostomiasis)

Taenia saginata and T. solium

  • Intestinal parasites in humans.
  • Infections are caused by eating undercooked meat, containing the infective stage (bladder worms).
  • Causes taeniasis, which can lead to mild anemia, digestive and nervous disorders.

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Phylum Platyhelminthes & Nematodes Lecture 7 PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of flatworms in this quiz about Phylum Platyhelminthes. Learn about their unique features, classifications, and physiological characteristics that set them apart from other animal phyla. Test your knowledge on the different classes of flatworms and their lifestyles.

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