Questions and Answers
What does Phylum Arthropoda include?
Bodies are covered with a ______ made of chitin and protein, which acts as an exoskeleton.
non-living outer layer
How do arthropods use their legs?
They creep, crawl, swim, bite, sting, suck, chew, and as sensory organs.
Which of the following is NOT an economic importance of arthropods?
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Most arthropods are large organisms.
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What are the three major body sections of arthropods?
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What do Hox genes control?
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Match the following sensory organs with their descriptions:
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Name the four subphyla of Arthropoda.
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Chelicerae are modified for manipulating food - usually ______ or ______.
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What are common classes found in Subphylum Chelicerata?
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Posterior appendages modified as ______.
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What are common habitats for mites?
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What diseases do ticks carry?
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List some examples of Subphylum Crustacea.
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All crustaceans share a common larval form called the nauplius larva.
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What do detritivores feed on?
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What organisms belong to Subphylum Myriapoda?
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Match the classes of Myriapoda with their common names:
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Name the subphylum of insects.
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Spiracles are openings along the abdomen for ______.
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What are Malpighian tubules used for?
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What does simple metamorphosis (hemimetabolous) involve?
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What is an example of complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)?
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What is the insect resting phase called?
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Study Notes
Overview of Phylum Arthropoda
- Includes three major groups: arachnids, crustaceans, and insects.
Exoskeleton
- Bodies possess a non-living outer layer composed of chitin and protein.
- Functions as an exoskeleton providing protection and structure.
Locomotion and Adaptations
- Arthropods utilize specialized legs for various functions: creeping, crawling, swimming, biting, stinging, sucking, chewing, and sensing (e.g., pedipalps, antennae).
- Crawfish and others employ modified legs for mating behaviors.
Economic Significance
- Play a vital role in the seafood industry and edible insect market.
- Essential for pollinating commercial crops and flowering plants.
- Some arthropods transmit diseases such as malaria, typhus, and Lyme disease, impacting public health.
- Crucial in food chains as primary converters of plant material to animal tissue.
Size Limitations
- Size is constrained by diffusion for gas exchange; larger sizes lead to movement challenges due to thick exoskeletons.
- Smaller size aids in evading predators.
Body Structure
- Comprises three primary body sections: head, thorax, and abdomen.
- The combination of head and thorax is termed cephalothorax.
Genetic Control
- Hox genes regulate body development in arthropods, determining the anatomical layout from front to back.
Sensory Organs
- Possess advanced sensory structures including antennae, simple eyes, and compound eyes for environmental interaction.
Subphyla Identification
- Four main subphyla:
- Chelicerata (e.g., arachnids)
- Crustacea (e.g., crustaceans)
- Myriapoda (e.g., centipedes, millipedes)
- Hexapoda (e.g., insects)
Chelicerae Adaptations
- Specialized for food manipulation, often manifesting as fangs or pincers.
Classes within Chelicerata
- Includes Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) and Class Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites).
Spider and Tick Characteristics
- Posterior appendages in some arachnids are modified as spinnerets.
- Mites are common agricultural pests, particularly spider mites affecting crops and plants.
- Ticks serve as blood-sucking parasites capable of transmitting diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Subphylum Crustacea
- Comprises various species such as crabs, shrimp, lobsters, brine shrimp, isopods, and barnacles.
- All crustaceans undergo a common larval stage known as nauplius larva.
Feeding Habits
- Detritivores feed on decaying vegetation, contributing to ecosystem recycling.
Subphylum Myriapoda
- Contains two classes:
- Chilopoda (centipedes)
- Diplopoda (millipedes)
Subphylum Hexapoda
- Primarily represented by Class Insecta.
Respiratory Structures
- Spiracles are openings along the abdomen that facilitate breathing.
Excretory Structures
- Malpighian tubules are responsible for excretion in arthropods.
Metamorphosis Types
- Simple metamorphosis (hemimetabolous) involves size increase without drastic changes.
- Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous) is characterized by distinct life stages, common in approximately 90% of insects (e.g., butterflies).
Resting Phase for Insects
- Insect resting phase known as pupa, crucial for development transitions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the diverse group of arthropods, including arachnids, crustaceans, and insects. These flashcards cover essential definitions and characteristics of this fascinating phylum. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!
