Phylogeny Tree Construction Principles
39 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What do phylogenies represent?

  • Evolutionary relationships (correct)
  • Nutritional habits of the organisms
  • Geographic distribution of species
  • Size of the organisms

    • Which term refers to the most recent species that all organisms in a phylogeny descended from?

  • Root
  • Node
  • Sister Group
  • Last Common Ancestor (correct)

    • What does a root represent in a phylogenetic tree?

  • The last common ancestor of all groups in the tree (correct)
  • The geographic location of the species
  • The branching point of two species
  • The taxonomical group at the end of a branch

    • How are sister groups defined in a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>Two groups that are each other's closest relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Linnaean classification in biology?

    <p>Organisms' taxonomic grouping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of phylogenies?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of outgroups in constructing a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>Helping to determine the evolutionary relationships in the tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to choose the best solution for a phylogeny?

    <p>Parsimony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'molecular clocks' primarily based on?

    <p>Constant rate of mutation accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the last female common ancestor of all living people based on mitochondrial DNA sequences?

    <p>Mitochondrial Eve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fossils primarily preserve?

    <p>Hard parts of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do DNA and RNA sequences contribute to constructing phylogenetic trees?

    <p>By revealing synapomorphies among species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fossils occur when a dead organism leaves behind some of its biomolecules?

    <p>Molecular fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is closely related to humans and had its full genome sequenced in 2012?

    <p>Denisovans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence indicates that Denisovans, Neanderthals, and Humans could produce hybrid offspring?

    <p>Genetic evidence from modern humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides absolute dates for divergence events and includes transitional fossils of common ancestors?

    <p>Fossil record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can phylogenies predict about different groups?

    <p>Their common ancestors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fossils mainly consists of small finger bone fragments and a few teeth in the case of Denisovans?

    <p><em>Transitional fossils</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are features used in constructing phylogenetic trees called?

    <p>Homologous characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about homologous characters?

    <p>They are useful for building phylogenies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of classification is NOT included in the Linnaean classification system?

    <p>Phylogenies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the presence or absence of characters in constructing a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>It defines groups descended from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogous characters are useful for phylogenetic trees when:

    <p>They arise independently due to similar environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What taxonomic level comes between orders and genera in Linnaean classification?

    <p>Families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system for species classification was developed in the 1700s?

    <p>Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes binomial nomenclature?

    <p>Species name is always capitalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most specific part of a taxonomic name like Ursus americanus?

    <p>americanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method provides a way to genetically determine relatedness amongst species independently of their physical traits?

    <p>Genetic sequencing of whole genomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is always true about scientific names of organisms?

    <p>The species name is always capitalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system defines each taxonomic level by a specific set of traits that become more specific at each level?

    <p>Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves an organism's hard tissues being replaced by rock through mineralization over time?

    <p>Petrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do trace fossils differ from molecular fossils?

    <p>Trace fossils are evidence of activity, while molecular fossils are chemical remains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for the incomplete nature of the fossil record mentioned in the text?

    <p>Not all organisms leave behind hard parts for fossilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what do geologists learn from the unique chemical properties of rock layers?

    <p>The geological activity and environment during formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way organisms lacking hard parts can leave a fossil record, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Through the preservation of their footprints or nests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plate tectonics and erosion contribute to the accessibility of fossils?

    <p>They move buried sediment layers to the surface for paleontologists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why the fossil record contains a small fraction of all organisms?

    <p>Not all organisms leave behind fossilizable remains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mineralization preserve[s] the anatomy of the organism over very long periods of time.' What is another term for this process?

    <p>'Fossilization'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Only a small subset of organisms are fossilized when they die.' What contributes to this fact?

    <p>'Chance' determines which organisms become fossils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser