34 Questions
What is the main function of afferent feedback in reinforcing locomotion?
Optimizing motor output by utilizing sensory information
Which parameter is used to define the stance phase of gait cycle?
From heel strike to toe-off
How do changing sensory inputs affect gait kinetics?
Alter plantar pressure direction
What role do hip joint afferents play in locomotion?
Providing useful information for transitioning from stance to swing
How is the stride length calculated in the context of gait analysis?
120 multiplied by speed divided by cadence
What is the primary function of Central Pattern Generator (CPG) in locomotion?
Optimizing rhythmic motor actions with afferent inputs
What is the primary factor that determines the need for a built-up shoe in individuals with leg length discrepancies?
Equinus position of the ankle
Which gait abnormality is characterized by a Trendelenburg Gait?
Hemiplegic gait
What feature distinguishes running from walking based on the text provided?
Float phase
What distinctive characteristic of sprinting separates it from jogging or submaximal running?
Initial contact variations
Which muscle group is primarily involved in the Trendelenburg Gait as described in the text?
Medius gluteus & gluteus minimus
How does a Hemiplegic gait differ from Ataxic gait as outlined in the text?
Wide base of support vs. flexion of the hip
When running, the preferred way to land is on the:
Midfoot
Which part of the foot contact is generally associated with a reduced risk of certain injuries when running?
Forefoot
In terms of biomechanics, landing on the heel while running is often associated with:
Potential impact-related injuries
Which foot landing pattern when running is more likely to generate higher ground reaction forces?
Rearfoot
The arm swing during human walking has been linked to:
Reduced oxygen consumption
Which type of foot landing during walking may lead to a more pronounced heel strike and increased risk of joint stress?
Heel-to-toe
What is the main purpose of gait lateral stabilization in humans?
To maintain balance during walking
How does the Windlass Mechanism affect the plantar aponeurosis during walking?
It winds the plantar fascia around the metatarsals
What is a key characteristic of Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) in humans?
They can generate rhythmic motor patterns without sensory input or supraspinal cord
In the context of arm swing during walking, which muscle is primarily responsible for forward movement?
Posterior deltoid
What role does afferent feedback play in modulating rhythmic motor patterns?
It is essential in eliciting and modulating rhythmic motor patterns
How does dorsiflexion contribute to the Windlass Mechanism during walking?
Dorsiflexion winds the plantar fascia around the head of the metatarsal
What marks the beginning of the single-limb support period in the gait cycle?
Mid Stance Phase
During which phase does the ankle 'push' the body weight forward in preparation for unloading the limb?
Toe-Off Phase
Which muscle group functions as a hip extensor at the heel strike phase to assist in controlling the forward rotation of the thigh?
Gluteus Maximus
In walking, when does the knee rapidly go into extension to prepare for the next heel strike?
Mid Swing Phase
What joint action occurs at the ankle during the loading response phase of walking?
Plantarflexion
Which phase of walking involves a brief burst of Gluteus Maximus activation to decelerate the forward swinging thigh?
Mid Swing Phase
At what percentage of the gait cycle do the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles activate to decelerate the swinging limb?
95%
What is the main function of Rectus Femoris during weight acceptance in walking?
Knee Extension
When does Gastrocnemius gradually activate in preparation for 'push off' in walking?
Toe-Off Phase
What happens to hip joint angle at late stance in walking?
Hip Extension Reaches its Peak
Learn about the phases within a gait cycle, kinematics during walking, windlass mechanism, central pattern generators, spatial-temporal gait parameters, and methods measuring gait. Explore the differences between walking and running.
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