PHSI N202F Lecture 8: Walking Kinematics and Gait Cycle Study
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of afferent feedback in reinforcing locomotion?

  • Providing information to the CPG for rhythmic motor actions
  • Optimizing motor output by utilizing sensory information (correct)
  • Increasing muscle length during stance phase
  • Initiating transitioning phase from stance to swing
  • Which parameter is used to define the stance phase of gait cycle?

  • Cadence of movement
  • Speed of movement
  • From heel strike to toe-off (correct)
  • From toe-off to the next heel strike
  • How do changing sensory inputs affect gait kinetics?

  • Shorten the stride length
  • Increase muscle activity
  • Alter plantar pressure direction (correct)
  • Decrease speed of movement
  • What role do hip joint afferents play in locomotion?

    <p>Providing useful information for transitioning from stance to swing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the stride length calculated in the context of gait analysis?

    <p>120 multiplied by speed divided by cadence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Central Pattern Generator (CPG) in locomotion?

    <p>Optimizing rhythmic motor actions with afferent inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the need for a built-up shoe in individuals with leg length discrepancies?

    <p>Equinus position of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gait abnormality is characterized by a Trendelenburg Gait?

    <p>Hemiplegic gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes running from walking based on the text provided?

    <p>Float phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive characteristic of sprinting separates it from jogging or submaximal running?

    <p>Initial contact variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily involved in the Trendelenburg Gait as described in the text?

    <p>Medius gluteus &amp; gluteus minimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Hemiplegic gait differ from Ataxic gait as outlined in the text?

    <p>Wide base of support vs. flexion of the hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When running, the preferred way to land is on the:

    <p>Midfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the foot contact is generally associated with a reduced risk of certain injuries when running?

    <p>Forefoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of biomechanics, landing on the heel while running is often associated with:

    <p>Potential impact-related injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foot landing pattern when running is more likely to generate higher ground reaction forces?

    <p>Rearfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The arm swing during human walking has been linked to:

    <p>Reduced oxygen consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of foot landing during walking may lead to a more pronounced heel strike and increased risk of joint stress?

    <p>Heel-to-toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of gait lateral stabilization in humans?

    <p>To maintain balance during walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Windlass Mechanism affect the plantar aponeurosis during walking?

    <p>It winds the plantar fascia around the metatarsals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) in humans?

    <p>They can generate rhythmic motor patterns without sensory input or supraspinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of arm swing during walking, which muscle is primarily responsible for forward movement?

    <p>Posterior deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does afferent feedback play in modulating rhythmic motor patterns?

    <p>It is essential in eliciting and modulating rhythmic motor patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dorsiflexion contribute to the Windlass Mechanism during walking?

    <p>Dorsiflexion winds the plantar fascia around the head of the metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the beginning of the single-limb support period in the gait cycle?

    <p>Mid Stance Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the ankle 'push' the body weight forward in preparation for unloading the limb?

    <p>Toe-Off Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group functions as a hip extensor at the heel strike phase to assist in controlling the forward rotation of the thigh?

    <p>Gluteus Maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In walking, when does the knee rapidly go into extension to prepare for the next heel strike?

    <p>Mid Swing Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What joint action occurs at the ankle during the loading response phase of walking?

    <p>Plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of walking involves a brief burst of Gluteus Maximus activation to decelerate the forward swinging thigh?

    <p>Mid Swing Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what percentage of the gait cycle do the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles activate to decelerate the swinging limb?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Rectus Femoris during weight acceptance in walking?

    <p>Knee Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does Gastrocnemius gradually activate in preparation for 'push off' in walking?

    <p>Toe-Off Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hip joint angle at late stance in walking?

    <p>Hip Extension Reaches its Peak</p> Signup and view all the answers

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