PHSI N202F Lecture 8: Walking Kinematics and Gait Cycle Study
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of afferent feedback in reinforcing locomotion?

  • Providing information to the CPG for rhythmic motor actions
  • Optimizing motor output by utilizing sensory information (correct)
  • Increasing muscle length during stance phase
  • Initiating transitioning phase from stance to swing

Which parameter is used to define the stance phase of gait cycle?

  • Cadence of movement
  • Speed of movement
  • From heel strike to toe-off (correct)
  • From toe-off to the next heel strike

How do changing sensory inputs affect gait kinetics?

  • Shorten the stride length
  • Increase muscle activity
  • Alter plantar pressure direction (correct)
  • Decrease speed of movement

What role do hip joint afferents play in locomotion?

<p>Providing useful information for transitioning from stance to swing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the stride length calculated in the context of gait analysis?

<p>120 multiplied by speed divided by cadence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Central Pattern Generator (CPG) in locomotion?

<p>Optimizing rhythmic motor actions with afferent inputs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the need for a built-up shoe in individuals with leg length discrepancies?

<p>Equinus position of the ankle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gait abnormality is characterized by a Trendelenburg Gait?

<p>Hemiplegic gait (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes running from walking based on the text provided?

<p>Float phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive characteristic of sprinting separates it from jogging or submaximal running?

<p>Initial contact variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily involved in the Trendelenburg Gait as described in the text?

<p>Medius gluteus &amp; gluteus minimus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a Hemiplegic gait differ from Ataxic gait as outlined in the text?

<p>Wide base of support vs. flexion of the hip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When running, the preferred way to land is on the:

<p>Midfoot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the foot contact is generally associated with a reduced risk of certain injuries when running?

<p>Forefoot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of biomechanics, landing on the heel while running is often associated with:

<p>Potential impact-related injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which foot landing pattern when running is more likely to generate higher ground reaction forces?

<p>Rearfoot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arm swing during human walking has been linked to:

<p>Reduced oxygen consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of foot landing during walking may lead to a more pronounced heel strike and increased risk of joint stress?

<p>Heel-to-toe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of gait lateral stabilization in humans?

<p>To maintain balance during walking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Windlass Mechanism affect the plantar aponeurosis during walking?

<p>It winds the plantar fascia around the metatarsals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) in humans?

<p>They can generate rhythmic motor patterns without sensory input or supraspinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of arm swing during walking, which muscle is primarily responsible for forward movement?

<p>Posterior deltoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does afferent feedback play in modulating rhythmic motor patterns?

<p>It is essential in eliciting and modulating rhythmic motor patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dorsiflexion contribute to the Windlass Mechanism during walking?

<p>Dorsiflexion winds the plantar fascia around the head of the metatarsal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the beginning of the single-limb support period in the gait cycle?

<p>Mid Stance Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the ankle 'push' the body weight forward in preparation for unloading the limb?

<p>Toe-Off Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group functions as a hip extensor at the heel strike phase to assist in controlling the forward rotation of the thigh?

<p>Gluteus Maximus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In walking, when does the knee rapidly go into extension to prepare for the next heel strike?

<p>Mid Swing Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joint action occurs at the ankle during the loading response phase of walking?

<p>Plantarflexion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of walking involves a brief burst of Gluteus Maximus activation to decelerate the forward swinging thigh?

<p>Mid Swing Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what percentage of the gait cycle do the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles activate to decelerate the swinging limb?

<p>95% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Rectus Femoris during weight acceptance in walking?

<p>Knee Extension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does Gastrocnemius gradually activate in preparation for 'push off' in walking?

<p>Toe-Off Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hip joint angle at late stance in walking?

<p>Hip Extension Reaches its Peak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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