Phrase Definition and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What syntactic function does a noun phrase (NP) serve in a clause?

  • Verbal predicate
  • Subject complement (correct)
  • Adverbial only
  • Modifier in AdvP

Which of the following is a syntactic function of an adjective phrase (AdjP)?

  • Subject of a clause
  • Direct object
  • Adverbial complement
  • Head of a noun phrase (correct)

In what way can a prepositional phrase (PpP) function within a noun phrase (NP)?

  • As a postmodifier (correct)
  • As an object complement
  • As a subject complement
  • As an indirect object

What is a primary function of an adverb phrase (AdvP)?

<p>Modifier within AdjP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly identifies the role of a verb phrase (VP) in a clause?

<p>Verbal predicate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated about the words 'phrase' and 'frază' in the context provided?

<p>They are false friends with different meanings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a noun phrase be modified according to the content described?

<p>By both adding and removing modifiers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the head of a phrase?

<p>The head can stand alone or be accompanied by dependents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided examples, what shows the difference between two noun phrases?

<p>The number of words each contains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of phrases is highlighted by the example given?

<p>Phrases can be embedded and analyzed in multiple ways. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is illustrated by the phrase 'the tasty treat on the table near the window that gave on the park'?

<p>Embedding within noun phrases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a central feature of English phrases?

<p>Phrases can contain other phrases or clauses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the syntactic functions that phrases can realize in a clause?

<p>Subjects, verbals, objects, complements, or adverbials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a phrase contains another phrase or clause, what is this phenomenon called?

<p>Embedding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the table mentioned in the content primarily illustrate?

<p>The major syntactic functions of phrases at both clause and phrase levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phrase defined as?

<p>A word or group of words behaving like a single grammatical item. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of speech governs noun phrases?

<p>Nouns and pronouns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the head in a phrase?

<p>It is the most important part and is obligatory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of phrase contains at least a preposition and its complement?

<p>Prepositional phrase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many optional auxiliaries can a verb phrase select?

<p>A maximum of four optional auxiliaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do syntactic relations in a clause typically rely on?

<p>Phrase-sized units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase can include modifiers that are not necessary for the meaning?

<p>All phrases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What section is NOT listed in the goals of the chapter?

<p>Discuss the history of phrases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the head of a phrase?

<p>The central element that determines the relationships of the phrase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of phrase recognized in English grammar?

<p>Conjunction phrase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the examples provided, which phrase functions as the subject?

<p>the big friendly dog of my neighbor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phrases behaves like an adverb phrase?

<p>very calmly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of phrase includes a central element that is a verb?

<p>Verb phrase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the phrase 'a nice chat'?

<p>It is a noun phrase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are there fewer types of phrases than word-classes in English?

<p>Some word-classes do not constitute phrases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase correctly identifies the head noun in 'the big friendly dog'?

<p>dog (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Syntactic function in clause

The grammatical role a phrase plays within a clause, like subject, object, or complement.

Syntactic function in phrase

The grammatical role a phrase plays within another phrase, often as a modifier or complement.

NP as subject

A phrase that functions as the subject of a verb, performing the action or being described.

NP as direct object

A phrase that functions as the direct object of a verb, receiving the action.

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AdjP as premodifier

A phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun, providing additional information.

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Embedding in Phrases

The process of adding phrases or clauses within a phrase, creating a hierarchical structure.

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Structure of Noun Phrases

A noun phrase can be modified with adjectives, prepositional phrases, and even clauses, creating a complex structure.

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Syntactic Function of Phrases

The way a phrase functions within a sentence (subject, object, etc.)

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Syntactic Functions at Clause and Phrase Level

Phrases can have a role within a sentence (e.g., subject, object) and also within the phrase itself.

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Phrases

Words and phrases can be combined to create larger units.

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Phrase Head

A phrase that can be reduced to its head word only, by removing all modifiers, or can be expanded by adding modifiers.

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Embedded Phrases

When one phrase is included within another phrase, like a sentence within a sentence.

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Modifiers

Words or phrases that add extra information to the head of a phrase, like adjectives for nouns or adverbs for verbs.

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Head Word

Words that can be used as the head of a phrase, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions.

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Phrase Head (simplified)

A word or group of words that functions as the head of a phrase, usually a noun in a noun phrase or a verb in a verb phrase.

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Noun Phrase

A phrase centered around a noun or pronoun. It acts as the subject or object of a verb.

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Verb Phrase

A phrase that includes a verb as its head. It expresses an action or state of being.

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Adjective Phrase

A phrase headed by an adjective. It modifies a noun or pronoun, providing more information about its qualities.

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Adverb Phrase

A phrase headed by an adverb. It modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, providing information about how, when, where, or to what extent.

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Prepositional Phrase

A phrase made up of a preposition and its object. It shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another part of the sentence.

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Head of a Phrase

The most important word in a phrase. It determines the type of phrase.

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Modifier(s) in a Phrase

Words that modify the head of a phrase, providing additional information. They can be omitted without drastically changing the meaning of the phrase.

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SVO Pattern

The basic structure of a sentence consisting of a subject, verb, and object.

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Noun Phrase (NP)

A phrase whose head word is a noun. Examples: "the big friendly dog", "my neighbor on the third floor".

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Verb Phrase (VP)

A phrase whose head word is a verb. Examples: "ate", "must have been dreaming".

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Adjective Phrase (AdjP)

A phrase whose head word is an adjective. Examples: "very nice", "big friendly".

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Adverb Phrase (AdvP)

A phrase whose head word is an adverb. Examples: "very calmly", "quickly and efficiently".

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Prepositional Phrase (PP)

A phrase whose head word is a preposition. Examples: "of the language", "on the table".

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Study Notes

Phrase Definition and Function

  • Phrases are groups of words acting as a single grammatical unit, intermediate in size between words and clauses.
  • Phrases fulfill syntactic functions within a clause.
  • Word groups are not formed intuitively, but follow rules based on parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition).
  • Phrases consist of a head (most important part) and potentially dependent/modifier words.
  • Heads are obligatory; modifiers can be omitted without significant change in meaning.

Phrase Types

  • Noun Phrases (NP): Named by nouns or pronouns
  • Verb Phrases (VP): Governed by verbs; Include a basic verb and optional auxiliaries.
  • Adjective Phrases (AdjP): Governed by adjectives
  • Adverb Phrases (AdvP): Governed by adverbs
  • Prepositional Phrases (PpP): Governed by prepositions. Include a preposition and its complement, which cannot be omitted.

Phrase Structure

  • The head of a phrase is the core element. Omitting it disrupts the phrase's function.
  • Phrases can have multiple embedded phrases or clauses (embedding).
  • Phrasal structures are hierarchical and built from smaller components.

Syntactic Functions in Clauses and Phrases

  • Phrases perform specific syntactic functions within both clauses and other phrases.
  • Phrases are important for conveying meaning due to their function in clauses.
  • The head determines relationships and the behavior of the phrase
  • Phrases can function as components/modifiers/complements of other phrases.

Summary of Goals

  • Defining phrases and their different types based on governing parts of speech.
  • Identifying the key components contributing to various phrase types.
  • Demonstrating the rules for constructing specific phrase types (noun, verb, etc).
  • Providing examples of each phrase type.
  • Highlighting the syntactic functions of phrases at both phrase and clause levels.

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