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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of URL parameters, also known as query or GET parameters?
What is the primary function of URL parameters, also known as query or GET parameters?
- To encrypt sensitive data transmitted over the internet.
- To store user session information on the client-side.
- To define the structure and layout of a webpage.
- To pass additional data from the client to the server. (correct)
In a URL, what character signifies the beginning of the query string?
In a URL, what character signifies the beginning of the query string?
- #
- %
- &
- ? (correct)
What is the purpose of the PHP isset() function?
What is the purpose of the PHP isset() function?
- To unset or delete a variable.
- To check if a variable has been set and is not NULL. (correct)
- To set the value of a variable.
- To determine the data type of a variable.
Which PHP superglobal array is populated by variables passed through the URL?
Which PHP superglobal array is populated by variables passed through the URL?
Which HTML form attribute specifies the URL to which the form data will be sent?
Which HTML form attribute specifies the URL to which the form data will be sent?
Which HTTP method sends form data in the body of the HTTP request?
Which HTTP method sends form data in the body of the HTTP request?
Which of the following is a key difference between the GET and POST methods?
Which of the following is a key difference between the GET and POST methods?
When should the GET method NOT be used for form submission?
When should the GET method NOT be used for form submission?
What happens to a checkbox input if it is not checked when a form is submitted?
What happens to a checkbox input if it is not checked when a form is submitted?
What is the significance of the value attribute in a radio button?
What is the significance of the value attribute in a radio button?
What is a superglobal in PHP?
What is a superglobal in PHP?
What is the maximum amount of data that can be sent using the GET method?
What is the maximum amount of data that can be sent using the GET method?
In PHP, how do you access the value of a form input named 'email' that was submitted using the POST method?
In PHP, how do you access the value of a form input named 'email' that was submitted using the POST method?
Which of the following describes the correct way to create a file called header.inc.php and include it in your main PHP file?
Which of the following describes the correct way to create a file called header.inc.php and include it in your main PHP file?
What is the main benefit of using separate files for header and footer content in a PHP website?
What is the main benefit of using separate files for header and footer content in a PHP website?
How is the action attribute used in an HTML form in conjunction with PHP?
How is the action attribute used in an HTML form in conjunction with PHP?
When using radio buttons, how can you ensure that only one option is selected within a group?
When using radio buttons, how can you ensure that only one option is selected within a group?
What is the primary difference between include() and require() in PHP?
What is the primary difference between include() and require() in PHP?
How would you modify the following HTML form to submit the data using the POST method instead of GET?
<form method="GET" action="process.php">
...
</form>
How would you modify the following HTML form to submit the data using the POST method instead of GET?
<form method="GET" action="process.php">
...
</form>
Based on the following HTML form, what would be the URL if a user enters 'John' in the name field and submits the form?
<form method="GET" action="processName.php">
Enter your name:<br>
<input type="text" name="name" /><br>
<input type="submit" />
</form>
Based on the following HTML form, what would be the URL if a user enters 'John' in the name field and submits the form?
<form method="GET" action="processName.php">
Enter your name:<br>
<input type="text" name="name" /><br>
<input type="submit" />
</form>
What is the purpose of using labels (<label>) in HTML forms, especially with checkboxes and radio buttons?
What is the purpose of using labels (<label>) in HTML forms, especially with checkboxes and radio buttons?
Consider the following code. What will the output be if box1 is checked and box2 is unchecked?
<?php
if (isset($_GET['box1'])) {
echo "Box 1 is checked. ";
}
if (isset($_GET['box2'])) {
echo "Box 2 is checked.";
}
?>
Consider the following code. What will the output be if box1 is checked and box2 is unchecked?
<?php
if (isset($_GET['box1'])) {
echo "Box 1 is checked. ";
}
if (isset($_GET['box2'])) {
echo "Box 2 is checked.";
}
?>
In the context of including files in PHP, which function would you use if you want to ensure that a file is included only once during the execution of a script?
In the context of including files in PHP, which function would you use if you want to ensure that a file is included only once during the execution of a script?
What is the primary security risk associated with directly using user-provided data (e.g., from $_GET or $_POST) in SQL queries without proper sanitization?
What is the primary security risk associated with directly using user-provided data (e.g., from $_GET or $_POST) in SQL queries without proper sanitization?
Suppose you have a form with a multi-select dropdown. When the form is submitted using the POST method, how is the data from the multi-select dropdown typically represented in the $_POST array?
Suppose you have a form with a multi-select dropdown. When the form is submitted using the POST method, how is the data from the multi-select dropdown typically represented in the $_POST array?
In PHP, what is the difference between using header('Location: ...') and including an HTML <meta> tag for redirection?
In PHP, what is the difference between using header('Location: ...') and including an HTML <meta> tag for redirection?
Given a scenario where you need to handle file uploads through a form, what security measures should you implement on the server-side (PHP) to prevent malicious uploads?
Given a scenario where you need to handle file uploads through a form, what security measures should you implement on the server-side (PHP) to prevent malicious uploads?
Consider a situation where you need to maintain state between multiple pages without using cookies. Which alternative approach can you use to pass data between pages?
Consider a situation where you need to maintain state between multiple pages without using cookies. Which alternative approach can you use to pass data between pages?
What is the purpose of the htmlspecialchars() function in PHP when processing form input?
What is the purpose of the htmlspecialchars() function in PHP when processing form input?
You have a form that submits data to a PHP script. The script needs to handle different actions based on which submit button was clicked. How can you differentiate between the submit buttons in PHP?
You have a form that submits data to a PHP script. The script needs to handle different actions based on which submit button was clicked. How can you differentiate between the submit buttons in PHP?
You are designing a form that accepts user input, including potentially formatted text. What steps should you take to prevent XSS attacks when displaying this data back to other users?
You are designing a form that accepts user input, including potentially formatted text. What steps should you take to prevent XSS attacks when displaying this data back to other users?
How can you implement CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection in a PHP form?
How can you implement CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection in a PHP form?
What is the significance of setting the autocomplete attribute to off on sensitive form fields, such as password fields?
What is the significance of setting the autocomplete attribute to off on sensitive form fields, such as password fields?
Consider a form that allows users to upload images. Besides checking the file extension and MIME type, what other server-side validation steps can you take to mitigate potential image-based vulnerabilities (e.g., image-based XSS or denial-of-service)?
Consider a form that allows users to upload images. Besides checking the file extension and MIME type, what other server-side validation steps can you take to mitigate potential image-based vulnerabilities (e.g., image-based XSS or denial-of-service)?
You need to implement a custom session handler in PHP to store session data in a database. What interfaces or classes must your session handler implement or extend to be compatible with PHP's session management?
You need to implement a custom session handler in PHP to store session data in a database. What interfaces or classes must your session handler implement or extend to be compatible with PHP's session management?
You are tasked with designing a highly scalable form processing system that can handle millions of submissions per day. What architectural patterns and technologies would you consider to optimize performance and reliability?
You are tasked with designing a highly scalable form processing system that can handle millions of submissions per day. What architectural patterns and technologies would you consider to optimize performance and reliability?
Which of the following is true about the $_REQUEST superglobal array in PHP?
Which of the following is true about the $_REQUEST superglobal array in PHP?
Flashcards
URL parameters (GET)
URL parameters (GET)
Key-value pairs appended to a URL for passing data to the server.
isset() function
isset() function
A PHP function that checks if a variable has been assigned a value.
$_GET
$_GET
An array of variables passed to the current script via URL parameters.
$_POST
$_POST
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<form>
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<input type="text">
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Checkboxes
Checkboxes
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Checkbox Value
Checkbox Value
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Radio buttons
Radio buttons
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include()
include()
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<input type="submit">
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Study Notes
- PHP is commonly used to receive data from users via forms
URL Parameters
- URL parameters, or query/GET parameters, are key-value pairs added to a URL's end, used for filtering, sorting, and pagination
- A query string is the extra URL data:
myPage.php?var1=34&var2=hello - Everything after the question mark is the query string, structured as key-value pairs separated by ampersands (&)
- PHP automatically puts these parameters into the
$_GETarray.
Isset Function
- The
isset()function tests if a variable has been assigned a value - This determines if the user provided a value, prompting them if not
Form Methods: GET and POST
- After the data is provided in a form, the browser sends data to the web server which can be accessed depending on the form method used, in either
$_GETor$_POST - GET and POST create an array (e.g.
array( key1 => value1, key2 => value2, key3 => value3,...)) holding key-value pairs from form controls
Superglobals
$_GETand$_POSTare superglobals, which means they are always accessible regardless of scope, from any function, class, or file
$_GET
$_GETretrieves variables from URL parameters- Information sent via GET is visible in the URL with a 2,000 character limit
- GET should not be used for sensitive information like passwords
$_POST
$_POSTretrieves variables via the HTTP POST method- Information sent via POST is invisible, embedded in the HTTP request body, and has no size limits
- Pages using POST cannot be bookmarked, because the variables are not displayed in the URL
Creating Forms
- The tag creates a form where users enter their name and submit it to the PHP server
- The method is GET and the action specifies the URL of the PHP script
- The `` element is the most used form element and has a type attribute
< form method = "GET" action = "procesName.php" > Enter your name: < br > < input type = "text" name = "name" /> < br > < input type = "submit" />
- In
processName.php, the script outputs "Hello [name]" if a name is set; otherwise, it outputs "You did not provide a name"
< html > ****
Checkboxes
- A checkbox form requires two YES/NO inputs
- A checkbox that is not checked will not be sent to the server
< html > < body > < form method = "GET" action = "procesCheckbox.php" > < h2 > Checkboxes < label for = "box1" > Box 1 < input type = "checkbox" name = "box1" id = "box1" /> < br > < label for = "box2" > Box 2 < input type = "checkbox" name = "box2" id = "box2" /> < br > < input type = "submit" />
- The PHP script processes the input data, matching the action in the HTML file
- If both boxes are checked, the output:
Array([box1]=>on [box2]=>on) - If only one box is checked, the output:
Array([box1]=>on [box2]=>on) - Checkboxes have two possibilities: Checked (value "On" sent) vs. Unchecked (not sent)
- The
issetfunction can be combined to produce unique checkbox outputs.
Radio Buttons
- Radio buttons allows a selection of one choice of many
- The tag displays a radio button with a specified value
< html > < body > < form method = "GET" action = "procesRadio.php" > < h2 > Choose a fruit < label for = "b1" > Apple < input type = "radio" name = "Fruit" id = "b1" value = "apple" /> < br > < label for = "b2" > Orange < input type = "radio" name = "Fruit" id = "b2" value = "Orange" /> < br > < label for = "b3" > Lemon < input type = "radio" name = "Fruit" id = "b3" value = "Lemon" /> < br > < input type = "submit" />
Radio Button Images
- To show the user a picture of their selected fruit, images with the same names as the value specified in the radio (e.g. value = "Apple") can be used
- The variable
$fruitwill be replaced, containing "Apple", "Orange", or "Lemon"
< html >
< body > ****
< link rel =" stylesheet " type = " text/css " href =" mystyle.css "/>
< body >
< div id = " container ">
< div id = " header ">
< h1 > ****
< div id = " navbar ">
< ul >
< li > < a href = " Page1.php "> Page 1
< li > < a href = " Page2.php ">Page 2
Header File
- Create a PHP file for the top portion of an assessment (header.inc.php) and save it in a new folder called PHP
Footer File
- Create a second file for the page footer (footer.inc.php) and save it in the PHP folder
< div id= "footer" > < p > & copy; 12345678 -2015
Main File
- In the main file (page1.inc.php), include the header and footer files
- *** < div id =" content ">
< p > some content here
< p > more content
- ***
Multiple Pages
- To create multiple pages, copy page one and change the content
- Changes to the header or footer file will immediately apply to all pages
- *** < div id =" content ">
< p > Super page 2
< p > more super content
- ***
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