Photovoltaic Technologies Assessment

<p>26% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fitting a logistic function to cell efficiencies data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher MSP than those manufactured in China (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 0.49 USD$/W (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Market share of perovskite tandem technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the competitiveness of thin-film tandems in the EU and USA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perovskite/CIS made in China. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LCOE and GEF of EU-manufactured PV modules versus Chinese imports. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levelized Cost of Energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will continue to benefit from economies of scale. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its LCOE distribution overlaps with that of PERC manufactured at large scale. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LCOE and GEF performance metrics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 MW and 1 GW (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar PV global supply chains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eurostat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global shipments of solar photovoltaic modules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IRENA report (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting global supply chains for low-carbon technologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2022 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The EU imports more than it exports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Future technology scenarios in energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significantly increasing market shares (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicon tandems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparable lifespan to silicon tandems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower greenhouse gas emissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient data on module lifespan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significantly lower capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparable investment with lower GHG emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Averages at three climatic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calculate the annual energy output of solar devices under realistic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power conversion module (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% active area losses for each technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TMY3 dataset (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind speed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer-matrix method and Lambert-Beer law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socioeconomic factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus is primarily on solar spectrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ranges between 0.36 and 0.44 USD$/W (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perovskite/cis tandems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levelized Cost of Energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit slightly higher LCOE with similar GHG reductions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Costs of production and GHG emissions only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continued lower GHG emissions compared to silicon PVs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broaden the scope of environmental impacts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tandem technologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A method of estimating the cost of a solar module based on its efficiency (PCE) and other factors, such as manufacturing location and market share.

A type of solar cell where a thin layer of perovskite material is placed on top of a silicon base.

A solar module manufacturing technique utilizing a combination of perovskite and crystalline silicon materials, leading to high efficiency and potential cost reductions.

The expected price of a photovoltaic (PV) module in the future after considering efficiency gains, market share, and manufacturing location.

A perovskite/silicon tandem technology where the bottom layer is made of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIS).

The percentage of a product's market occupied by a specific technology.

A logistic function model used to predict the future performance of a specific technology, such as the efficiency of solar cells.

A measure of the performance of a solar cell, indicating its ability to convert sunlight into electricity.

A numerical value representing the annual energy output of a solar device under real-world conditions.

A software platform developed by KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) for calculating energy yield of solar devices.

A module within EYcalc that simulates incoming sunlight at specific locations, accounting for time, angle, and spectrum.

A component of EYcalc that determines how light interacts with different layers of a solar cell.

A method used in the Optics Module to calculate the amount of light absorbed by layers of the solar cell.

A mathematical equation used in the Optics Module to calculate light absorption in thicker, less transparent layers.

A data set from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) used in the Irradiance Module to provide information about weather and climate conditions at different locations.

A measure of how efficiently a solar cell converts light into electricity.

A type of solar cell that uses thin-film materials, which are typically less expensive to manufacture but are sometimes less efficient than silicon cells.

A type of solar cell where a thin layer of perovskite material is placed on top of a silicon base, enhancing efficiency.

The ratio of the cost of electricity generated from a PV system to the energy produced by the system.

The global energy footprint for a given technology, considering all emissions and resource depletion during production, transportation, installation, operation and dismantling.

The gradual decrease in the performance of a solar cell over time, measured as a percentage of the cell's initial power output.

Solar modules used in PV systems, manufactured using a traditional silicon wafer technology with a high-efficiency, passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) structure.

A measure of the competitiveness of a PV system, calculated by comparing its LCOE with other energy sources.

The manufacturing of thin-film PV modules in the EU and USA offers an alternative to relying solely on imported Chinese PV modules.

The process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to cleaner energy sources, particularly in the energy sector.

A measure of the efficiency of a solar cell, expressed as the percentage of light converted into electricity.

The reduction in GHG emissions per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity generated by a solar PV system compared to traditional fossil fuel power plants.

The potential of a technology to improve over time due to advancements in manufacturing, materials, and design.

A type of solar cell that combines two different materials (e.g., perovskite and silicon) to achieve higher efficiency and cost reductions.

A specific tandem technology combining perovskite and crystalline silicon materials, resulting in improved efficiency and cost reductions.