Photosynthesis Quiz for Biology Class

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create their own food (glucose) and release oxygen as a byproduct.

Organisms that can produce their own food from inorganic substances using energy from sunlight or chemical reactions.

Organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms.

Organisms that use light as their energy source for photosynthesis.

Organisms that use energy from chemical reactions, such as the oxidation of inorganic compounds, to make food.

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is used by plants for growth and other functions.

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.

The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from the splitting of water molecules.

A group of chlorophyll molecules, accessory pigments, and associated proteins organized within a protein matrix.

A special pair of chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction centre of a photosystem that absorbs light energy and initiates electron transport.

A pair of chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction centre of photosystem I, with a peak light absorption of 700nm.

A pair of chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction centre of photosystem II, with a peak light absorption of 680nm.

The process of adding an inorganic phosphate molecule to ADP, using light energy, to produce ATP.

The process of splitting water molecules, using light energy, to produce protons, electrons, and oxygen.

The process where light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules, raising them to a higher energy level.

A molecule that accepts electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule, becoming reduced.

The fluid-filled space within a chloroplast where the light-independent stage of photosynthesis occurs.

Stacks of disc-like structures called thylakoids within the chloroplast, where the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis takes place.

Disc-shaped structures within the grana, containing chlorophyll and other pigments, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy.

A group of pigments in chloroplasts, including chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, responsible for absorbing light energy for photosynthesis.

A complex ring structure in chlorophyll, containing magnesium, that absorbs light energy.

A type of pigment in chloroplasts, primarily involved in absorbing light in the blue and red wavelengths of the spectrum. It's the most important pigment for photosynthesis.

A type of pigment in chloroplasts that assists in capturing light energy. It absorbs light energy in the blue and orange wavelengths of the spectrum.

A series of redox reactions involving electron carriers that transfer electrons down an energy gradient, releasing energy at each step. These reactions occur within the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.

A type of photophosphorylation where electrons from photosystem I are recycled, creating a cycle of electron flow. This generates ATP but does not produce NADPH.

The movement of protons across the thylakoid membrane (from the stroma to the lumen) during photosynthesis. This is driven by the electron transport chain.

The process of using light energy to produce both ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis. This involves the transfer of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I.

A photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light energy and uses it to excite electrons, initiating the electron transport chain in photosynthesis.

A photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light energy and uses it to split water, releasing oxygen and transferring electrons to the electron transport chain.

A protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane that uses the proton gradient to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

The rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor that is in shortest supply, known as the limiting factor. By identifying and increasing the limiting factor we can boost photosynthesis and increase crop yields.

Photosynthesis is temperature-sensitive, suggesting that besides light, chemical processes are also involved.

Enzymes play a role in both the light-dependent and light-independent stages of photosynthesis, indicating a chemical component.

Controlled environments like glasshouses allow for manipulation of factors like temperature, light, and carbon dioxide concentration, optimizing photosynthesis.

Increasing carbon dioxide concentration can boost tomato yields by up to 20%.

Manipulating environmental factors in controlled environments like glasshouses allows for optimization of crop growth and increased yield.

Each crop species has its optimal growth conditions; exceeding a specific factor may lead to reduced yield or even death.

Precisely controlling environmental factors in glasshouses, whether manually or through computer systems, is essential for maximizing crop yield.

A specialized adaptation in C4 plants where a tight ring of bundle sheath cells surrounds the vascular bundle, preventing oxygen from reaching the bundle sheath cells and minimizing photorespiration. This arrangement also ensures a significant store of carbon dioxide within the bundle sheath cells, which can be used when external supplies are limited.

A process that occurs when oxygen competes with carbon dioxide for the active site of the enzyme Rubisco, leading to the formation of a 2-carbon compound, resulting in a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency.

A mechanism that allows C4 plants to continue photosynthesis even in hot environments where stomata are closed to reduce water loss. This arrangement ensures a continuous supply of carbon dioxide to the bundle sheath cells for the Calvin cycle.

Small channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the rapid transport of molecules like malate and pyruvate between mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells in C4 plants, facilitating efficient carbon fixation.

The light-dependent reactions (light reactions) of photosynthesis are separated spatially from the initial carbon fixation of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), preventing Rubisco from interacting with oxygen, thereby minimizing photorespiration.