Photosynthesis Quiz: Cyclic Electron Flow
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary result of cyclic electron flow?

  • Release of oxygen
  • Synthesis of ATP (correct)
  • Formation of glucose
  • Production of NADPH

    • Cyclic electron flow involves both Photosystem I and Photosystem II.

    False (B)

    What component receives electrons in the cyclic electron flow after ferredoxin?

    Cytochrome complex

    In cyclic electron flow, electrons are sent back to the ______ instead of being transferred to NADP+ reductase.

    <p>cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles in cyclic electron flow:

    <p>P700 chlorophyll = Final electron acceptor Ferredoxin = Transfers electrons back to the cycle Plastocyanin (Pc) = Carries electrons to P700 chlorophyll Cytochrome complex = Facilitates electron movement in the cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin Cycle produces glucose directly during its phases.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are required to regenerate three RuBP molecules?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two G3P molecules can combine to form a _______ sugar.

    <p>six-carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements involved in the Calvin Cycle with their descriptions:

    <p>G3P = Three-carbon sugar produced in the Calvin Cycle RuBP = Molecule that is regenerated in the cycle ATP = Energy molecule needed for regeneration NADPH = Electron carrier used in reduction phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is NOT produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis occurs in both light reactions and dark reactions.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the essential raw materials needed for photosynthesis?

    <p>Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Light reactions convert sunlight into _____ and _____ through phosphorylation.

    <p>ATP, NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to photosynthesis with their descriptions:

    <p>Thylakoids = Site of light reactions Stroma = Site of Calvin Cycle NADP+ = Electron acceptor in light reactions ATP = Energy carrier molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary by-product of the light reactions?

    <p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants can survive without the process of photosynthesis.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Calvin Cycle produce?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light reactions take place in the _____ of the chloroplast.

    <p>thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is dependent on the products of the light reactions?

    <p>Calvin Cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step of the light reactions in Photosystem II?

    <p>Light energy is absorbed by a pigment molecule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxygen released during the light reactions is a byproduct of splitting water molecules.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P680 chlorophyll pair become after losing an electron?

    <p>P680+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proton gradient created during the light reactions is used by _____ to produce ATP.

    <p>ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the component of the light reactions with their function:

    <p>Plastoquinone (Pq) = Transports electrons from the primary electron acceptor to the cytochrome complex Cytochrome complex = Pumps hydrogen ions across the membrane Ferredoxin (Fd) = Transfers electrons to NADP+ NADP+ reductase = Produces NADPH from NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for filling the missing electron in P700 after it is excited?

    <p>Electrons from Photosystem II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemiosmosis does not involve ATP production.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when NADP+ is reduced?

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Calvin cycle?

    <p>To fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the enzyme that aids in the carbon fixation process of the Calvin cycle.

    <p>Rubisco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three-carbon molecule produced from the splitting of the six-carbon sugar during carbon fixation is called __________.

    <p>3-phosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following molecules with their role in the Calvin cycle:

    <p>$CO_2$ = Inorganic carbon source RuBP = Five-carbon sugar ATP = Energy source NADPH = Reducing agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the Calvin cycle is $CO_2$ first incorporated?

    <p>Carbon fixation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Calvin cycle is also known as the dark reactions of photosynthesis.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of the Calvin cycle that serves as food for plants?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactic acid fermentation primarily used for in muscle cells during intense exercise?

    <p>Generating ATP without oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactic acid fermentation can occur in prokaryotic organisms.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main microorganism involved in lactic acid fermentation in Chinese cabbage for kimchi?

    <p>Lactobacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted to __________.

    <p>lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following food products with their associated fermentation process:

    <p>Cheese = Lactic acid fermentation Yogurt = Lactic acid fermentation Alcohol = Alcoholic fermentation Kimchi = Lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary substance produced during aerobic respiration?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerobic respiration occurs solely in the cytoplasm of the cell.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that converts pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Decarboxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle takes place in the __________ of the mitochondria.

    <p>matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to cellular respiration with their descriptions:

    <p>Aerobic Respiration = Processes that require oxygen and produce more ATP Anaerobic Respiration = Processes that occur without oxygen and produce less ATP Krebs Cycle = Breakdown of Acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and water Electron Transport Chain = Final stage of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced from electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following products is NOT produced during aerobic respiration?

    <p>Lactic Acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NADH and FADH₂ are important for transferring electrons to the electron transport chain.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During anaerobic respiration, pyruvate can be converted into __________ depending on the type of fermentation.

    <p>lactic acid or alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobic respiration results in larger amounts of energy compared to aerobic respiration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy currency produced during cellular respiration?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equation for cellular respiration is $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + _____$

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of cellular respiration with their location:

    <p>Glycolysis = Cytoplasm Krebs cycle = Mitochondria Electron transport chain = Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen to glucose before it can be used for energy in cellular respiration?

    <p>It must be digested into simple sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Krebs cycle?

    <p>To release energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle is a part of anaerobic respiration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are used to begin glycolysis?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electron transport chain occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle generates _____ and _____ as byproducts.

    <p>CO₂, ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>NADH = Electron carrier FADH₂ = Electron carrier ATP synthase = Synthesizes ATP Acetyl-CoA = Starts Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?

    <p>Fermentation converts NADH back to NAD+. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP is produced without the need for oxygen during anaerobic respiration.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is released during alcoholic fermentation by yeast?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of one glucose molecule, up to _____ ATP molecules can be formed during cellular respiration.

    <p>36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Krebs cycle, what happens to Acetyl-CoA?

    <p>It combines with a four-carbon compound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during glycolysis?

    <p>Two molecules of pyruvic acid and four molecules of ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerobic respiration occurs only in the absence of oxygen.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule forms when NAD+ accepts an electron?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Krebs cycle is also known as the _______ acid cycle.

    <p>citric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the two-carbon fragment after pyruvate is oxidized in the Krebs cycle?

    <p>It combines with a four-carbon sugar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following products with their respective stages in cellular respiration:

    <p>ATP = Krebs Cycle Lactic acid = Fermentation NADH = Glycolysis Acetyl CoA = Transition Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation produces energy in the form of ATP and regenerates NAD+.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules can be produced at maximum from oxidative respiration?

    <p>36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cyclic Electron Flow

    • Aside from the usual electron flow route, photo-excited electrons may take a short-circuited path that utilizes photosystem I but not photosystem II
    • The ferredoxin goes back to the cycle and passes the electron to the cytochrome complex and the plastocyanin (Pc), until it reaches P700 chlorophyll
    • Instead of transferring the electron to NADP+, it is still synthesized

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the cyclic electron flow process and the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis. This quiz covers critical components, processes, and outputs of light reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Explore the roles of various molecules involved and their interactions.

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