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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the process of photosynthesis?
What is the first step in the process of photosynthesis?
- Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
- Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll (correct)
- Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
- Conversion of light energy to chemical energy
Which component is essential for the conversion of light energy during photosynthesis?
Which component is essential for the conversion of light energy during photosynthesis?
- Chlorophyll (correct)
- Oxygen
- Starch
- Glucose
In the reaction 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O, what is produced alongside glucose?
In the reaction 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O, what is produced alongside glucose?
- Light energy
- Carbon dioxide
- Only water
- Oxygen and water (correct)
What happens to the color of the leaf when it is dipped in iodine solution after the alcohol bath?
What happens to the color of the leaf when it is dipped in iodine solution after the alcohol bath?
During photosynthesis, what is produced when water molecules are split?
During photosynthesis, what is produced when water molecules are split?
Why do desert plants take in carbon dioxide at night?
Why do desert plants take in carbon dioxide at night?
Which organelles in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis?
Which organelles in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis?
What is the final product of the reduction of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?
What is the final product of the reduction of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?
What is the role of guard cells in stomatal function?
What is the role of guard cells in stomatal function?
What substance is used in the activity to absorb carbon dioxide?
What substance is used in the activity to absorb carbon dioxide?
Which process occurs at the stomata during photosynthesis?
Which process occurs at the stomata during photosynthesis?
What happens to plants at night regarding gas exchange?
What happens to plants at night regarding gas exchange?
Why do plants close their stomata during certain conditions?
Why do plants close their stomata during certain conditions?
What is the primary purpose of the experimental setup described?
What is the primary purpose of the experimental setup described?
What distinguishes autotrophs from heterotrophs?
What distinguishes autotrophs from heterotrophs?
Which element is NOT specifically mentioned as essential for plant growth?
Which element is NOT specifically mentioned as essential for plant growth?
Which of the following processes is essential for autotrophic nutrition?
Which of the following processes is essential for autotrophic nutrition?
What occurs to the guard cells when water flows into them?
What occurs to the guard cells when water flows into them?
What is the primary storage form of energy in plants after photosynthesis?
What is the primary storage form of energy in plants after photosynthesis?
Why is diffusion insufficient for the oxygen requirement of multicellular organisms?
Why is diffusion insufficient for the oxygen requirement of multicellular organisms?
What is the role of enzymes in organisms?
What is the role of enzymes in organisms?
How do heterotrophic organisms obtain their energy?
How do heterotrophic organisms obtain their energy?
Which of the following best describes the term 'autotroph'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'autotroph'?
What do living organisms require from outside sources?
What do living organisms require from outside sources?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Process
- Photosynthesis formula: 6CO2 + 12H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
- Primary events:
- Light energy absorption by chlorophyll.
- Conversion of light energy to chemical energy; water molecules split into hydrogen and oxygen.
- Carbon dioxide reduction to carbohydrates.
- Desert plants uptake carbon dioxide at night for daytime energy processing.
Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts, organelles in plant cells, contain chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis.
- Activity to demonstrate chlorophyll's necessity:
- Use a variegated potted plant, isolate in darkness, then expose to sunlight.
- Perform boiling and iodine tests to find starch presence in green areas.
Gas Exchange in Plants
- Tiny pores on leaves, known as stomata, facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration.
- Guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing based on water levels.
Experimental Activities
- Activity for carbon dioxide absorption:
- Two potted plants in dark; one plant alongside potassium hydroxide to absorb CO2.
- Seal plants in airtight bell jars, expose to sunlight, and test leaves for starch presence.
- Investigation of sunlight's necessity can be performed through the starch presence results.
Nutritional Requirements of Organisms
- All organisms require energy and materials but obtain them differently:
- Autotrophs (e.g., green plants, some bacteria) derive energy from inorganic substances (CO2, water).
- Heterotrophs (e.g., animals, fungi) rely on complex substances and break them down by enzymes.
Autotrophic Nutrition
- Photosynthesis enables autotrophs to satisfy carbon and energy needs.
- Involves conversion of CO2 and water into carbohydrates using sunlight and chlorophyll.
- Carbohydrates are stored as starch, serving as an energy reserve for plants; similar to glycogen in humans.
Life Processes Overview
- Oxygen diffusion alone is insufficient for multicellular organisms, which need a more complex exchange system due to increased size and demand.
- Criteria to define life include metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli.
- Raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron are acquired from the soil to support bodily functions, particularly in building proteins.
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