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Questions and Answers
Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast?
Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast?
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is necessary for life on Earth?
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is necessary for life on Earth?
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What is the site of gas exchange in plants?
What is the site of gas exchange in plants?
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What is the energy source for the light-independent reactions?
What is the energy source for the light-independent reactions?
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What is the primary purpose of a denominator in a fraction?
What is the primary purpose of a denominator in a fraction?
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What type of fraction has a numerator greater than or equal to the denominator?
What type of fraction has a numerator greater than or equal to the denominator?
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Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of fractions?
Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of fractions?
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What is the visual representation of fractions that uses a line with numbers marked on it?
What is the visual representation of fractions that uses a line with numbers marked on it?
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What is the term for a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction?
What is the term for a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction?
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What is the main difference between a proper fraction and an improper fraction?
What is the main difference between a proper fraction and an improper fraction?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis
Definition
- Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose
Overall Equation
- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
- Light energy excites electrons, which are then transferred to electron acceptors
- Resulting energy is used to generate ATP and NADPH
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
- Use ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert CO2 into glucose
- Involves the fixation of CO2 into a 3-carbon molecule, which is then converted into glucose
Key Players
- Chlorophyll: a green pigment that absorbs light energy and plays a central role in photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts: organelles found in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place
- Stomata: small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out)
Importance of Photosynthesis
- Produces oxygen as a byproduct, which is necessary for life on Earth
- Provides energy and organic compounds for the food chain
- Supports the growth and development of plants, which are the basis of many ecosystems
Photosynthesis
- Definition and Overview*
- Process that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds
- Occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria
- Photosynthesis Equation*
- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Occur in thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast
- Light energy excites electrons, which are transferred to electron acceptors
- Resulting energy generates ATP and NADPH
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
- Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose
- Fix CO2 into a 3-carbon molecule, then convert it into glucose
Key Components
- Chlorophyll: absorbs light energy and plays a central role in photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts: organelles where photosynthesis takes place
- Stomata: small openings on leaf surfaces for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out)
Importance of Photosynthesis
- Produces oxygen as a byproduct, necessary for life on Earth
- Provides energy and organic compounds for the food chain
- Supports plant growth and development, basis of many ecosystems
Definition and Components of a Fraction
- A fraction represents a part of a whole and consists of two parts: numerator and denominator
- The numerator (top number) indicates how many equal parts you have
- The denominator (bottom number) indicates how many parts the whole is divided into
Examples of Fractions
- Examples of fractions include 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, and 3/4
- Fractions can represent real-world quantities, such as 1/2 of a pizza or 3/4 of a tank of gas
Types of Fractions
- Proper fractions have a numerator less than the denominator, e.g. 1/2, 2/3
- Improper fractions have a numerator greater than or equal to the denominator, e.g. 3/2, 5/4
- Mixed numbers are a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction, e.g. 2 1/2, 3 3/4
Visual Representation of Fractions
- Fractions can be represented using diagrams, such as circles or rectangles divided into equal parts
- Number lines can also be used to visually represent fractions
Importance of Fractions
- Fractions are essential in everyday life, used in activities such as measuring ingredients for cooking
- They are also used in calculating distances or speeds and understanding proportions and ratios
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Description
Learn about the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, including the overall equation and light-dependent reactions.
