9.2 Photosynthesis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the thylakoid membranes filled with?

  • Interconnected stroma
  • Light-absorbing stroma
  • Free-floating grana
  • Saclike chlorophyll-containing thylakoids (correct)

    • Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for the fluid portion outside the thylakoids?

  • Granum
  • Chlorophyll
  • Stroma (correct)
  • Grana

    • What is the main role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  • Absorbing oxygen
  • Producing carbon dioxide
  • Absorbing light and transferring energy to electrons (correct)
  • Building high-energy sugars directly

    • Grana are mainly stacks of what?

    <p>Thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are built using the high-energy electrons provided by chlorophyll?

    <p>Sugar molecules from carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main pigments involved in photosynthesis in green plants?

    <p>Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NADP in photosynthesis?

    <p>It serves as an electron carrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wavelengths of light are best absorbed by chlorophyll a?

    <p>Blue-violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do light-independent reactions in photosynthesis differ from light-dependent reactions?

    <p>Light-independent reactions do not require light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is directly generated by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the visible spectrum that our eyes perceive as 'white' light?

    <p>A mixture of different wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most leaves appear green in color?

    <p>Chlorophyll reflects green light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an electron carrier in plant cells?

    <p>To transport high-energy electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule acts as an electron carrier by accepting and holding two high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+)?

    <p>NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the analogy provided, what is used to represent NADP+?

    <p>A cooking pan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when NADP+ accepts high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+)?

    <p>It is converted into NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NADPH in the chloroplast?

    <p>To carry high-energy electrons to chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial source of high-energy electrons that NADP+ carries?

    <p>Chlorophyll absorption of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plant cells need electron carriers like NADP+?

    <p>To transport the energy to build sugars like glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NADP+ converted into after accepting high-energy electrons and a proton?

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compounds produced in the light dependent reactions are utilized in the light independent reactions?

    <p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, where do the light independent reactions occur?

    <p>In the chloroplast stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

    <p>It absorbs light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is directly involved in the creation of sugars during the light independent reactions?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of NADPH in photosynthesis?

    <p>Carrying electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the light independent reaction differ from the light dependent reaction in terms of light requirement?

    <p>Light independent reactions do not require light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process fixes carbon into sugar molecules during photosynthesis?

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which critical molecule is regenerated during the light independent reactions to continue the Calvin cycle?

    <p>RuBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

    <p>To convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ATP generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>By adding a third phosphate to ADP using sunlight energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, what molecule acts as an electron carrier?

    <p>NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main products of photosynthesis?

    <p>Sugars and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

    <p>In the thylakoid membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxygen atoms from water molecules during the light-dependent reactions?

    <p>They are released as oxygen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis in symbols?

    <p>$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{light} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Elodea a good subject for investigating the wavelengths of light used in photosynthesis?

    <p>It is an aquatic plant that can easily be observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Photosynthesis: An Overview

    • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, and some other organisms, convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose.
    • This process is crucial for life on Earth, as it provides energy and organic compounds for plants and, indirectly, for animals that feed on plants.

    Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts

    • Chlorophyll: the green pigment found in plants that plays a crucial role in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy.
    • Chloroplast: the organelle where photosynthesis takes place; it contains grana (stacks of thylakoid membranes) and stroma (the fluid portion outside of the thylakoids).

    Light and Pigments

    • Light energy from the sun reacts with Earth in the form of light energy, which is perceived as "white" light, comprising different wavelengths.
    • Pigments: light-absorbing compounds that capture the energy of sunlight; the principal pigments in green plants are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
    • Chlorophyll a absorbs blue-violet and a region of the visible spectrum, while chlorophyll b absorbs blue-violet and a region of the visible spectrum, but not red.

    Energy Collection and Electron Carriers

    • Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, transferring it to its own electrons, which become high-energy electrons.
    • These high-energy electrons are then carried by electron carriers, such as NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), to other molecules.
    • NADP accepts and holds two high-energy electrons, along with a hydrogen ion (H+), converting NADP+ into NADPH.

    Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions

    • Light-dependent reactions: the reactions in photosynthesis that require light energy, taking place in thylakoid membranes, producing ATP and NADPH.
    • Light-independent reactions: the reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light energy, using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.

    Stages of Photosynthesis

    • The overall equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2
    • Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and complete the process of photosynthesis to fix carbon-containing sugars.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of photosynthesis, including the role of pigments, electron carriers, and the products of photosynthesis.

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