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Questions and Answers
What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?
What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
What is the byproduct of oxygenic photosynthesis?
What is the byproduct of oxygenic photosynthesis?
Which factor can increase the rate of photosynthesis?
Which factor can increase the rate of photosynthesis?
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What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?
What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?
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What is the 5-carbon molecule necessary for carbon fixation?
What is the 5-carbon molecule necessary for carbon fixation?
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Which type of photosynthesis does not produce oxygen?
Which type of photosynthesis does not produce oxygen?
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What is the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis?
What is the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Overview of Photosynthesis
- Definition: Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose.
- Importance: Produces oxygen and organic compounds necessary for life on Earth.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Occur in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
- Light energy is absorbed by pigments such as chlorophyll and converted into ATP and NADPH.
- Two stages:
- Light absorption: Light energy is absorbed by pigments, exciting electrons.
- Electron transport: Electrons are passed through a series of electron carriers, generating ATP and NADPH.
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Occur in stroma of chloroplasts.
- Use ATP and NADPH produced in light-dependent reactions to convert CO2 into glucose.
- Three stages:
- Carbon fixation: CO2 is fixed into a 3-carbon molecule called 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).
- Reduction: 3-PGA is reduced to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
- Regeneration: G3P is used to regenerate RuBP, the 5-carbon molecule necessary for carbon fixation.
Inputs and Outputs
- Inputs:
- Light energy
- CO2
- H2O
- Outputs:
- Glucose (C6H12O6)
- O2
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Light intensity: Increased light intensity can increase photosynthesis rate.
- Temperature: Optimal temperature range for photosynthesis varies among plants, but generally between 20-30°C.
- Water availability: Drought can limit photosynthesis.
- CO2 concentration: Increased CO2 concentration can increase photosynthesis rate.
Types of Photosynthesis
- Oxygenic photosynthesis: Produces oxygen as a byproduct, characteristic of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
- Anoxygenic photosynthesis: Does not produce oxygen, characteristic of some bacteria.
Overview of Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds.
- It produces oxygen and organic compounds necessary for life on Earth.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Light-dependent reactions occur in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
- They involve the absorption of light energy by pigments such as chlorophyll and its conversion into ATP and NADPH.
- These reactions consist of two stages: light absorption and electron transport.
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Light-independent reactions occur in the stroma of chloroplasts.
- They use ATP and NADPH produced in light-dependent reactions to convert CO2 into glucose.
- These reactions consist of three stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
Inputs and Outputs
- The inputs for photosynthesis are light energy, CO2, and H2O.
- The outputs are glucose (C6H12O6) and O2.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Light intensity: Higher light intensity can increase the rate of photosynthesis.
- Temperature: The optimal temperature range for photosynthesis varies among plants, but is generally between 20-30°C.
- Water availability: Drought can limit photosynthesis.
- CO2 concentration: Higher CO2 concentration can increase the rate of photosynthesis.
Types of Photosynthesis
- Oxygenic photosynthesis: Produces oxygen as a byproduct, characteristic of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
- Anoxygenic photosynthesis: Does not produce oxygen, characteristic of some bacteria.
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Description
Learn about the process of photosynthesis, its importance, and the light-dependent reactions involved. Discover how plants, algae, and bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.
