Podcast
Questions and Answers
What molecule is primarily fixed during the carbon fixation phase?
What molecule is primarily fixed during the carbon fixation phase?
ATP is required to regenerate RUBP after the reduction phase.
ATP is required to regenerate RUBP after the reduction phase.
True
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of CO2 to RUBP?
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of CO2 to RUBP?
rubisco
The reduction phase involves the conversion of 3 PGA into _______.
The reduction phase involves the conversion of 3 PGA into _______.
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Match the following molecules with their roles in the cycle:
Match the following molecules with their roles in the cycle:
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What is the primary purpose of the cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?
What is the primary purpose of the cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?
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Chemiosmosis involves the movement of electrons to create a proton gradient.
Chemiosmosis involves the movement of electrons to create a proton gradient.
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Which structure in the chloroplast is responsible for absorbing sunlight during photosynthesis?
Which structure in the chloroplast is responsible for absorbing sunlight during photosynthesis?
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What molecule is produced as a result of the ATP synthase activity during chemiosmosis?
What molecule is produced as a result of the ATP synthase activity during chemiosmosis?
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The main purpose of photosystem II (PSII) is to generate ________ from water.
The main purpose of photosystem II (PSII) is to generate ________ from water.
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The inner membrane of the chloroplast is permeable to ions and metabolites.
The inner membrane of the chloroplast is permeable to ions and metabolites.
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Match the following components with their functions:
Match the following components with their functions:
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What is the function of the stroma in chloroplasts?
What is the function of the stroma in chloroplasts?
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In which part of the chloroplast does chemiosmosis occur?
In which part of the chloroplast does chemiosmosis occur?
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In the light reactions, electrons lost from Photosystem II are replaced by splitting _____.
In the light reactions, electrons lost from Photosystem II are replaced by splitting _____.
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Match the following components with their roles in photosynthesis:
Match the following components with their roles in photosynthesis:
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NADPH is produced directly in the cyclic electron flow.
NADPH is produced directly in the cyclic electron flow.
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What is created as a result of the proton gradient established during chemiosmosis?
What is created as a result of the proton gradient established during chemiosmosis?
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What process occurs during chemiosmosis in the chloroplast?
What process occurs during chemiosmosis in the chloroplast?
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NADP is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
NADP is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
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The process of using sunlight to produce energy in plants is known as _____.
The process of using sunlight to produce energy in plants is known as _____.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis
-
Chloroplast Structure:
- Outer membrane: freely permeable to small molecules
- Inner membrane: impermeable to ions and metabolites
- Thylakoid: disk-like structures for optimal surface area, absorbing sunlight
- Stroma: liquid material surrounding inner structures, providing protection and shape; site of light-independent reactions
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Light Reactions (Non-cyclic):
- Photosystem II absorbs light, excites electrons, passes them to the electron transport chain, and splits water molecules.
- Oxygen is produced as a byproduct.
- Photosystem I absorbs light, excites electrons, passes them to a second electron transport chain, reducing NADP+ to NADPH
- ATP is produced by a proton gradient generated from electron flow from Photosystem II to Photosystem I
-
Light Reactions (Cyclic):
- Only Photosystem I is involved.
- Produces ATP when more ATP is needed
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The Calvin Cycle:
- CO2 is attached to RuBP by the enzyme rubisco
- Forms a 6-carbon compound, which splits into two 3-PGA molecules
- ATP converts 3-PGA into 1,3-BPG
- NADPH donates electrons to reduce 1,3-BPG to G3P
- G3P molecules are rearranged and 5 are used to regenerate RuBP
- Requires ATP for regeneration
Chemiosmosis
- In chemiosmosis, the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain pumps protons (H+) into the thylakoid lumen.
- This creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane, which is used to synthesize ATP by ATP synthase, a key part of the light-dependent reactions.
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Description
Explore the intricate processes of photosynthesis, including the structure of chloroplasts and the light reactions. This quiz will guide you through the non-cyclic and cyclic light reactions, as well as the Calvin Cycle. Test your understanding of how plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
