Photosynthesis Overview

photosynthesis

water

oxygen

<p>granal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thylakoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>food</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosystem II</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PSII</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thylakoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>solar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Form NADPH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemiosmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclic electron flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charge separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By altering electron transport efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light harvesting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disrupting electron transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To oxidize water and generate oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P680 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are transferred to NADP+ to form NADPH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows electrons to enter the electron transport chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradually increased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 to 3 billion years ago (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extinction of anaerobic organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanobacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of organic materials and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transfer absorbed light energy to a reaction center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorophyll a in Photosystem II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP and NADPH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce ATP through an electrochemical gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are displaced from chlorophyll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance the light harvesting capabilities of chlorophyll. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is oxidized to replenish electrons at the reaction center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G3P and other carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoid membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convert light energy into chemical energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granal thylakoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To accept electrons and become NADPH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It absorbs light energy to initiate the process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is where the Calvin cycle occurs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in the production of ATP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It captures light and splits water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport electrons between photosystems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were the first organisms to use water as an electron donor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy and reducing power.

The process used to create ATP in photosynthesis.

Molecular complexes involved in converting light energy to chemical energy.

A molecule produced via NADP+ reductase in photosynthesis, used as reducing power.

The organelle where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.

The transfer of energy between molecules without transfer of electrons.

Certain herbicides disrupt photosynthetic processes in plants.

Chloroplasts adapt to changing environmental conditions to ensure photosynthesis proceeds.

An organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

A flattened membrane sac within the chloroplast, stacked to form grana, where light-dependent reactions occur.

A flattened membrane sac within the chloroplast, found in the stroma, involved in photosynthesis, specifically the light-independent reactions.

The space inside a thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts where protons (H+) are concentrated during photosynthesis.

The first photosystem in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis which splits water to release oxygen.

The second photosystem in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which uses energy from sunlight to produce NADPH.

Photosynthetic bacteria that evolved early in Earth's history.

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

The first stage of photosynthesis, which produces ATP and NADPH by using light energy.

Photosynthesis is limited by factors like high light and low temperature due to the rate-limiting step in the process, typically involving PSII.

Photosystem I is a protein complex that uses light energy to create reducing power in the form of NADPH. It is involved in both linear and cyclic electron flow.

A protective mechanism in plants where excess light energy is used to split water molecules, preventing damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.

Many herbicides work by disrupting PSII, inhibiting its ability to produce oxygen and leading to plant death.

A process in photosynthesis where electrons cycle through PSI, generating ATP without producing NADPH. It occurs under conditions of low light or stress.

A model that illustrates the flow of electrons and energy in photosynthesis, showing two photosystems (PSII and PSI) connected by an electron transport chain.

A protein complex in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy and uses it to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and transferring electrons.

A protein complex in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy and uses it to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, a reducing power for the Calvin cycle.

Series of protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane that transfer electrons and pump protons, generating a proton gradient.

Unequal concentration of protons (H+) across the thylakoid membrane, created by the ETC, driving ATP synthesis.

An enzyme complex in the thylakoid membrane that uses the proton gradient to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

A series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts, using NADPH and ATP to convert CO2 into glucose.

The fluid-filled space within a chloroplast, where the Calvin cycle occurs.

A membrane bound compartment within a chloroplast where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

The amount of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere billions of years ago was negligible, less than 1% compared to the current 20%.

Photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food, is responsible for the massive increase in oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere over billions of years.

As time progressed on Earth, the oxygen levels in the atmosphere steadily increased due to photosynthesis, reaching roughly 20% today.

The early Earth's atmosphere had very little oxygen, mostly composed of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia.

A significant event in Earth's history where oxygen levels rapidly increased due to the evolution of photosynthesis.

The increase in oxygen levels led to the evolution of complex life forms, allowing for organisms that rely on oxygen for respiration to thrive.

Today's Earth's atmosphere consists of about 20% oxygen, crucial for the survival of most life forms.

Photosynthesis, over billions of years, drastically changed the composition of Earth's atmosphere, making it suitable for the diverse life we see today.

Oxygen, released through photosynthesis, drastically affected Earth's history, leading to major environmental changes and shaping the evolution of life.

The process of photosynthesis and the oxygen it produces continues to be vital for the survival of all life forms on Earth today.

Photosynthesis utilizes different wavelengths of light for energy, with chlorophyll absorbing primarily red and blue light.

Chloroplasts adapt to environmental changes such as light intensity and temperature to maintain efficient photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is responsible for producing oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, making it habitable for most life forms.

Billions of years ago, Earth's atmosphere had very little oxygen, mostly composed of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia.

Over billions of years, the amount of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere steadily increased due to photosynthesis, reaching around 20% today.

Photosynthesis, the process plants use to create food, is responsible for the massive increase in oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere.

Early Earth's atmosphere had less than 1% oxygen compared to the current 20%.

Photosynthesis, over billions of years, drastically changed the composition of Earth's atmosphere, making it suitable for diverse life.

Today's Earth's atmosphere consists of about 20% oxygen, crucial for the survival of most life forms.

A period of dramatic increase in oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere due to the evolution of oxygen-producing organisms.

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that plants use for photosynthesis, mainly red and blue wavelengths.

A graph showing the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in driving photosynthesis.

A group of pigment molecules that capture light energy and transfer it to the reaction center in photosystems.

The core of a photosystem where the primary charge separation event takes place, converting light energy into chemical energy.