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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ATP synthase?
What is the primary purpose of ATP synthase?
What is produced at the end of the light-dependent reactions?
What is produced at the end of the light-dependent reactions?
What is the first step in the Calvin Cycle?
What is the first step in the Calvin Cycle?
Which enzyme is responsible for binding CO2 to RuBP during carbon fixation?
Which enzyme is responsible for binding CO2 to RuBP during carbon fixation?
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How many molecules of G3P are produced after the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?
How many molecules of G3P are produced after the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?
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What is the role of NADPH in the light-independent reactions?
What is the role of NADPH in the light-independent reactions?
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Which step in the Calvin Cycle uses ATP to react with 3-PGA?
Which step in the Calvin Cycle uses ATP to react with 3-PGA?
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What must happen to 5 out of 6 G3P molecules produced in the Calvin Cycle?
What must happen to 5 out of 6 G3P molecules produced in the Calvin Cycle?
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What is the primary function of photosystem II (PSII) in the light-dependent reactions?
What is the primary function of photosystem II (PSII) in the light-dependent reactions?
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What substance must be broken down to replenish the electron lost from PSII?
What substance must be broken down to replenish the electron lost from PSII?
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During which part of the light-dependent reactions is oxygen gas produced?
During which part of the light-dependent reactions is oxygen gas produced?
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What occurs to electrons as they move through the electron transport system?
What occurs to electrons as they move through the electron transport system?
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What role does the concentration gradient of H+ ions play during chemiosmosis?
What role does the concentration gradient of H+ ions play during chemiosmosis?
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What is the only pathway for H+ ions to return to the stroma during chemiosmosis?
What is the only pathway for H+ ions to return to the stroma during chemiosmosis?
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What is produced as a direct result of the process of chemiosmosis?
What is produced as a direct result of the process of chemiosmosis?
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What type of molecules carry energized electrons from PSII to other components of the light-dependent reactions?
What type of molecules carry energized electrons from PSII to other components of the light-dependent reactions?
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What is produced as a by-product of the light-dependent reactions?
What is produced as a by-product of the light-dependent reactions?
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Where do light-independent reactions primarily take place in the chloroplast?
Where do light-independent reactions primarily take place in the chloroplast?
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Which process incorporates CO2 into carbohydrate molecules during photosynthesis?
Which process incorporates CO2 into carbohydrate molecules during photosynthesis?
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Which molecules are generated by the light-dependent reactions to power the light-independent reactions?
Which molecules are generated by the light-dependent reactions to power the light-independent reactions?
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What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
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Which of the following statements is true about light-independent reactions?
Which of the following statements is true about light-independent reactions?
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Which statement accurately describes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Which statement accurately describes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Photosynthesis is a process that stores energy in organic compounds.
- Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts of plants.
- Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to create glucose and oxygen.
- This process consists of two sets of reactions: light-dependent and light-independent.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Generate high-energy molecules (ATP and NADPH).
- These molecules are essential for powering the light-independent reactions.
- Releases oxygen as a by-product.
- Take place inside thylakoids and across thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts.
- Requires sunlight, water, and chlorophyll.
- Produce ATP and NADPH.
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
- Transform high-energy molecules (ATP and NADPH) into G3P, which is used to create glucose.
- The second set of reactions in photosynthesis.
- Take place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
- Do not require solar energy but do require ATP and NADPH.
- Involves the steps of carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
- Produces glucose.
Carbon Fixation
- Involves incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate molecules.
- 3 CO2 molecules are required to initiate the cycle.
- Each CO2 binds to RuBP with the help of the enzyme rubisco.
- Forms an unstable 6-carbon compound.
- Breaks down into two 3-carbon compounds: 3-PGA.
Reduction
- Each 3-PGA molecule binds to a molecule of ATP.
- This causes each 3-PGA molecule to become “activated” (gains energy).
- The 6 activated 3-PGA molecules each bind to a molecule of NADPH creating a new compound: G3P.
- Two G3P molecules combine to form one glucose molecule.
Regeneration of RuBP
- 5 of the 6 G3P molecules are required to replace RuBP.
- Replacement of RuBP also requires an additional 3 ATP molecules.
- The cycle repeats to produce 1 full glucose molecule.
Photosynthesis Summary
- Light reactions use solar power to provide chemical energy.
- Takes place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
- The result of light-dependent reactions is ATP and NADPH.
- In the light-independent reactions, the energy and reducing power of ATP and NADPH are used to reduce carbon dioxide and make glucose.
- The process of the Calvin cycle occurs in the absence of light, but usually occurs during the daytime.
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Description
Explore the intricate process of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy. This quiz covers both light-dependent and light-independent reactions, their locations, and their functions in plant biology. Test your knowledge of how plants create glucose and oxygen from sunlight!
