C2 - Photosynthesis Stores Energy in Organic Compounds
24 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of ATP synthase?

  • To reduce NADP+ to form NADPH
  • To transport electrons
  • To bond ADP and free phosphates to form ATP (correct)
  • To absorb light energy

What is produced at the end of the light-dependent reactions?

  • Glucose and RuBP
  • Oxygen and NADH
  • ATP and NADPH (correct)
  • NADP+ and G3P

What is the first step in the Calvin Cycle?

  • Activation of 3-PGA
  • Regeneration of RuBP
  • Formation of glucose
  • Carbon fixation (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for binding CO2 to RuBP during carbon fixation?

<p>Rubisco (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of G3P are produced after the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

<p>6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADPH in the light-independent reactions?

<p>To provide reducing power for synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the Calvin Cycle uses ATP to react with 3-PGA?

<p>Reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to 5 out of 6 G3P molecules produced in the Calvin Cycle?

<p>They are used to regenerate RuBP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photosystem II (PSII) in the light-dependent reactions?

<p>To produce ATP through chemiosmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance must be broken down to replenish the electron lost from PSII?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which part of the light-dependent reactions is oxygen gas produced?

<p>When water molecules are broken down (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to electrons as they move through the electron transport system?

<p>They lose energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the concentration gradient of H+ ions play during chemiosmosis?

<p>It provides potential energy for ATP synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only pathway for H+ ions to return to the stroma during chemiosmosis?

<p>Through ATP synthase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a direct result of the process of chemiosmosis?

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules carry energized electrons from PSII to other components of the light-dependent reactions?

<p>Electron acceptor molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a by-product of the light-dependent reactions?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do light-independent reactions primarily take place in the chloroplast?

<p>Stroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process incorporates CO2 into carbohydrate molecules during photosynthesis?

<p>Carbon fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are generated by the light-dependent reactions to power the light-independent reactions?

<p>ATP and NADPH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?

<p>To transform high-energy molecules into glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about light-independent reactions?

<p>They use ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

<p>They excite electrons in chlorophyll molecules to generate ATP and NADPH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?

<p>6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis

The process plants use to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.

Light-dependent reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).

Light-independent reactions

The second stage of photosynthesis, where ATP and NADPH are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ATP

A high-energy molecule that stores and releases energy for cellular processes, including photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

NADPH

A high-energy electron carrier molecule used in photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Calvin Cycle

The set of reactions in photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carbon fixation

The process of incorporating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does ATP synthase do?

ATP synthase uses the movement of H+ ions to power the bonding of ADP and a phosphate group, creating ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens to the energized electron in PSI?

The energized electron from PSI reduces NADP+ to form NADPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the end result of the light-dependent reactions?

The end result is the production of ATP and NADPH.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where do the light-independent reactions occur?

The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the first step of the Calvin Cycle?

Carbon fixation: CO2 binds to RuBP, forming an unstable 6-carbon compound that splits into two 3-PGA molecules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens in the reduction step of the Calvin Cycle?

3-PGA gets activated by ATP and then reduced by NADPH, forming G3P.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is regeneration of RuBP important?

5 G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP, allowing the cycle to continue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How many Calvin Cycles are required to make one glucose?

The cycle needs to repeat twice to produce enough G3P to make one glucose molecule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

PSII

A membrane protein involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It captures light energy and uses it to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chemiosmosis

A process used by PSII in the light-dependent reactions to produce ATP. It involves the movement of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane to create a concentration gradient, which is then used to generate ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron hole

A lack of an electron in PSII after it has been excited and passed to an electron acceptor. This hole is filled by electrons from the splitting of water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electron transport system

A series of molecules that carry electrons from PSII to PSI. As the electrons move, they lose energy, which is used to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Concentration gradient

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a membrane. In chemiosmosis, the gradient of H+ ions across the thylakoid membrane provides the energy to produce ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ATP synthase

A protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. It allows H+ ions to flow back across the membrane, which drives the synthesis of ATP.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where does PSII come first?

PSII comes first in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. It captures light energy and splits water molecules, releasing electrons that are used to power the next steps in the process.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Photosynthesis Overview

  • Photosynthesis is a process that stores energy in organic compounds.
  • Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts of plants.
  • Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to create glucose and oxygen.
  • This process consists of two sets of reactions: light-dependent and light-independent.

Light-Dependent Reactions

  • Generate high-energy molecules (ATP and NADPH).
  • These molecules are essential for powering the light-independent reactions.
  • Releases oxygen as a by-product.
  • Take place inside thylakoids and across thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts.
  • Requires sunlight, water, and chlorophyll.
  • Produce ATP and NADPH.

Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

  • Transform high-energy molecules (ATP and NADPH) into G3P, which is used to create glucose.
  • The second set of reactions in photosynthesis.
  • Take place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
  • Do not require solar energy but do require ATP and NADPH.
  • Involves the steps of carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
  • Produces glucose.

Carbon Fixation

  • Involves incorporating CO2 into carbohydrate molecules.
  • 3 CO2 molecules are required to initiate the cycle.
  • Each CO2 binds to RuBP with the help of the enzyme rubisco.
  • Forms an unstable 6-carbon compound.
  • Breaks down into two 3-carbon compounds: 3-PGA.

Reduction

  • Each 3-PGA molecule binds to a molecule of ATP.
  • This causes each 3-PGA molecule to become “activated” (gains energy).
  • The 6 activated 3-PGA molecules each bind to a molecule of NADPH creating a new compound: G3P.
  • Two G3P molecules combine to form one glucose molecule.

Regeneration of RuBP

  • 5 of the 6 G3P molecules are required to replace RuBP.
  • Replacement of RuBP also requires an additional 3 ATP molecules.
  • The cycle repeats to produce 1 full glucose molecule.

Photosynthesis Summary

  • Light reactions use solar power to provide chemical energy.
  • Takes place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
  • The result of light-dependent reactions is ATP and NADPH.
  • In the light-independent reactions, the energy and reducing power of ATP and NADPH are used to reduce carbon dioxide and make glucose.
  • The process of the Calvin cycle occurs in the absence of light, but usually occurs during the daytime.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

C2 - Photosynthesis Stores Energy in Organic Compounds (Updated 2024) PDF

Description

Explore the intricate process of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy. This quiz covers both light-dependent and light-independent reactions, their locations, and their functions in plant biology. Test your knowledge of how plants create glucose and oxygen from sunlight!

More Like This

Photosynthesis Process Overview Quiz
10 questions

Photosynthesis Process Overview Quiz

CoolDevotion avatar
CoolDevotion
Photosynthesis Process
25 questions

Photosynthesis Process

SmartestDeStijl avatar
SmartestDeStijl
Photosynthesis Process Quiz
1 questions

Photosynthesis Process Quiz

IntimateYellow4268 avatar
IntimateYellow4268
Photosynthesis Process Overview
6 questions

Photosynthesis Process Overview

EagerWave avatar
EagerWave
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser