Photosynthesis Overview and History

<p>Violet, blue, and red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADPH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoid membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation-reduction reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesophyll tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exchange gases with the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He discovered that plants release oxygen when exposed to sunlight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use fewer enzymes for photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PEP carboxylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomata open at night and close during the day. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased rates of photorespiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have Kranz anatomy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C4 plants utilize the Calvin Cycle in the bundle sheath. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They store CO2 as C4 before converting it to G3P. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased sensitivity to cold temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thylakoid membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is split into oxygen and hydrogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP and NADPH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They return to PSI. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They flow across the thylakoid membrane to drive ATP synthase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2O is split at PSII. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce ATP and NADPH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stroma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be converted into glucose and other organic molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP and NADPH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs in the presence of light. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 NADPH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where plants and other autotrophs use sunlight to produce food (carbohydrates) from water and carbon dioxide, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), along with sunlight, are necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

The products of photosynthesis are sugar (glucose- C₆H₁₂O₆), and oxygen (O₂).

The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

Plant tissue in leaves where photosynthesis primarily occurs.

A green pigment within chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight, enabling photosynthesis.

The fluid-filled space within the chloroplast, surrounding the thylakoid membranes.

Flattened sacs within the stroma, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

A molecule that absorbs specific wavelengths of light.

The main pigments involved in photosynthesis, absorbing violet, blue, and red light and reflecting green light.

Pigments like carotenoids that absorb wavelengths of light not absorbed by chlorophyll.

A light-harvesting complex that uses energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.

A light-harvesting complex that uses energy from light to produce ATP.

Light energy is captured by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

The light reaction occurs within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Water molecules are split, releasing oxygen as a waste product and providing electrons and protons (H+).

The ETC helps move electrons, capturing their energy to create a proton (H+) gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

The noncyclic pathway produces both ATP and NADPH, while the cyclic pathway only produces ATP.

The noncyclic pathway produces ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle to create sugar.

The cyclic pathway provides additional ATP when needed, especially when the Calvin cycle requires more energy.

The light reaction produces ATP and NADPH, which are used by the Calvin cycle to convert CO2 into sugar.

A series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts, utilizing ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

The first step of the Calvin Cycle where carbon dioxide is attached to a 5-carbon molecule, RuBP, forming an unstable 6-carbon molecule that splits into two 3-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG).

The step where the 3PG molecules from CO2 fixation are converted to G3P using ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions. This reduction involves adding electrons and hydrogen ions.

The final step in the Calvin Cycle where 5 G3P molecules are used to recreate 3 RuBP molecules. This requires ATP from the light-dependent reactions, ensuring the cycle can continue.

G3P can be converted into glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, or amino acids depending on the plant's needs.

The rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing light intensity until a plateau is reached, beyond which further increases in light have no effect.

Photosynthesis has an optimal temperature range, typically between 0°C and 35°C. Outside this range, enzymes involved in photosynthesis can become denatured.

Water is essential for photosynthesis. Shortage of water slows or stops the process, as it is a reactant and is needed for the transportation of nutrients.

The enzyme responsible for fixing CO2 in C3 photosynthesis, but also for photorespiration.