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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
What byproduct is produced during anaerobic respiration?
What byproduct is produced during anaerobic respiration?
Which factor does NOT influence the rate of cellular respiration?
Which factor does NOT influence the rate of cellular respiration?
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration differ in terms of gas exchange?
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration differ in terms of gas exchange?
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What is the primary function of photosynthesis compared to cellular respiration?
What is the primary function of photosynthesis compared to cellular respiration?
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What occurs in the absence of oxygen during cellular respiration?
What occurs in the absence of oxygen during cellular respiration?
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Which statement about ATP production in aerobic versus anaerobic respiration is correct?
Which statement about ATP production in aerobic versus anaerobic respiration is correct?
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What is the primary product of photosynthesis?
What is the primary product of photosynthesis?
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Where do light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
Where do light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
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Which of the following is an input in the process of cellular respiration?
Which of the following is an input in the process of cellular respiration?
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What stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
What stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?
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Which byproduct is released during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Which byproduct is released during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity increases beyond a certain point?
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity increases beyond a certain point?
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Which component of cellular respiration generates the highest amount of ATP?
Which component of cellular respiration generates the highest amount of ATP?
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What role does water play in photosynthesis?
What role does water play in photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
- It occurs in chloroplasts, organelles found in plant cells and some algae.
- The primary inputs for photosynthesis are light energy, water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂).
- Oxygen (O₂) is a byproduct.
- The overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
- Photosynthesis involves two main stages: light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
- Light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, using light energy to create ATP and NADPH. Water is split, releasing O₂.
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma. ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to convert CO₂ into glucose.
- Factors affecting photosynthesis include light intensity, CO₂ concentration, temperature, and water availability.
- Increased light intensity boosts photosynthetic rates up to a maximum; further increases have no effect.
- Higher CO₂ levels increase photosynthetic rates up to a saturation point.
- Temperature affects the process; optimal rates occur within a specific range, and lower or higher temperatures can inhibit it.
- Water is crucial, acting as a reactant.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process cells use to break down glucose and release energy as ATP.
- This process occurs in both plant and animal cells.
- The primary inputs for cellular respiration are glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).
- The overall chemical reaction is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP).
- Cellular respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
- Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm, breaking down glucose into pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP.
- The Krebs cycle, in the mitochondrial matrix, further oxidizes pyruvate, producing more ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.
- The electron transport chain, in the inner mitochondrial membrane, uses NADH and FADH₂ to produce a large amount of ATP via chemiosmosis.
- Maximum ATP production per glucose molecule is approximately 36 or 38, but this can vary between cells.
- Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs without oxygen, yielding less ATP than aerobic respiration. Byproducts include lactic acid or ethanol.
- Oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration. Without oxygen, cells rely on anaerobic respiration, producing fewer ATP molecules.
- Factors impacting cellular respiration are oxygen availability, temperature, and glucose concentration.
Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes.
- Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.
- Photosynthesis produces oxygen, and cellular respiration consumes it.
- Photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide, and cellular respiration releases it.
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Description
This quiz explores the process of photosynthesis, detailing how plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Learn about the stages of photosynthesis, including light-dependent and light-independent reactions, and understand the chemical equation involved. Perfect for students studying biology and plant science.
