Photosynthesis Experiment

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the break-down of glucose?

Release of energy in the aerobic process
Break-down of pyruvate using oxygen in the mitochondria
Conversion of pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide
Break-down of glucose into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate (correct)

Where does the break-down of pyruvate using oxygen take place?

Mitochondria (correct)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

What is the by-product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Lactic acid
Ethanol and carbon dioxide (correct)
Glucose
Water

What happens when there is a lack of oxygen in muscle cells?

Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of aerobic respiration?

Water and carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are in a pyruvate molecule?

3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term given to the process that takes place in the absence of air (oxygen)?

Anaerobic respiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration releases more energy, anaerobic respiration releases less energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the plant kept in a dark room for three days?

To allow the plant to use up all its starch (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the colour of the leaf when it is dipped in boiling water and then alcohol?

It becomes colourless (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dipping the leaf in a dilute solution of iodine?

To test for starch in the leaf (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the presence of starch in various areas of the leaf?

Starch is present only in the non-green areas of the leaf (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stomata in leaves?

To facilitate gaseous exchange for photosynthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do plants close their stomata when they do not need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?

To prevent water loss (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the exchange of gases in plants?

It occurs across the surface of stems, roots, and leaves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tracing the green areas of the leaf on a sheet of paper?

To compare with the starch test results (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common evidence people think of to determine if something is alive?

Visible movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of living organisms?

Well-organised structure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do living organisms tend to break down over time?

Due to the effects of the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why there is a controversy about whether viruses are truly alive?

They don't show molecular movement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for life, according to professional biologists?

Invisible molecular movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can be seen in plants that are alive?

Various colours and growth (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not enough to use visible movement as the defining characteristic of life?

Because some animals can breathe without visible movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the organisation of living structures?

They are always well-organised (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the villi in the small intestine?

To absorb digested food into the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the unabsorbed food in the small intestine?

It is sent into the large intestine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of dental caries or tooth decay?

Bacteria acting on sugars producing acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in preventing dental caries?

It helps to neutralise the acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of brushing teeth after eating?

To remove plaque from the teeth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if dental caries is left untreated?

Microorganisms may invade the pulp, causing inflammation and infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anal sphincter?

To regulate the exit of waste material (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the blood vessels in the villi?

To take the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

To store urine until the pressure leads to the urge to pass it out (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the urinary bladder is expanded?

The pressure of the expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass it out (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra?

To pass out urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are kidneys vital organs for survival?

Because they remove waste products from the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is restricted blood flow to the kidneys?

The kidneys become less active (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an artificial kidney?

To remove nitrogenous waste products from the blood through dialysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the dialysing fluid used in an artificial kidney?

It has the same osmotic pressure as blood, except that it is devoid of nitrogenous wastes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tubes in an artificial kidney?

To allow the patient's blood to pass through and remove nitrogenous waste products (A) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Photosynthesis

To demonstrate photosynthesis, keep a plant in a dark room for three days to use up starch, then keep it in sunlight for six hours.
Pluck a leaf, mark the green areas, and trace them on paper.
Dip the leaf in boiling water, then in a beaker containing alcohol, and heat until the alcohol boils.
Observe the color change of the leaf and the solution.
Dip the leaf in a dilute solution of iodine to test for starch.
Compare the color of the leaf with the tracing done earlier to conclude about starch presence in various areas.

Stomata

Stomata are tiny pores on the surface of leaves where massive amounts of gaseous exchange take place for photosynthesis.
Gaseous exchange occurs across the surface of stems, roots, and leaves as well.
Plants close stomata when they don't need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis to prevent water loss.

Life Processes

Living organisms are well-organized structures that can break down over time due to environmental effects.
Molecular movements are necessary for life to maintain order and organization.
Viruses do not show molecular movement, which is why there is controversy about whether they are truly alive.

Nutrition

Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition are two different types of nutrition.
Plants obtain raw materials for photosynthesis from air, water, and soil.

Respiration

Respiration breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces water and more energy.
Lactic acid builds up in muscles during sudden activity, causing cramps.

Excretory System

Urine is stored in the urinary bladder until the pressure leads to the urge to pass it out through the urethra.
The bladder is muscular, so it is under nervous control, allowing us to control the urge to urinate.
Kidneys filter out nitrogenous waste products from the blood.
Artificial kidneys can be used in case of kidney failure to remove waste products through dialysis.

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