Photosynthesis and Redox Reactions Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Photosystem II?

  • NADPH production
  • Splitting water (correct)
  • Proton pumping
  • ATP synthesis

    • Where do the Light-Dependent Reactions of photosynthesis take place?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Thylakoid lumen
  • Stroma
  • Chloroplasts (correct)

    • What is the role of ATP Synthase in the photosynthetic process?

  • Split water
  • Reduce NADP+
  • Pump protons
  • Produce ATP (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the Electron Transport Chain in photosynthesis?

    <p>Producing NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as the electron carrier in photosynthesis?

    <p>NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of chemiosmosis in photosynthesis?

    <p>ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, what is the final electron acceptor?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lost during oxidation and gained during reduction in redox reactions?

    <p>Hydrogen atom (H+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range of the electromagnetic spectrum does gamma rays belong to?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color light is mainly reflected by plants during photosynthesis?

    <p>Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can limit photosynthetic rates in plants?

    <p>Light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's radiant energy comes from visible light?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>Attachment of 6 CO2 to RuBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme accelerates the reaction in which an unstable 6-carbon molecule splits into two 3-carbon molecules?

    <p>Rubisco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is used to regenerate RuBP in the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>G3P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of C4 plants compared to C3 plants?

    <p>Lower productivity in hotter, drier climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the C4 photosynthesis pathway, what is the initial compound that combines with CO2 to form organic acids?

    <p>PEP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plant has a different distribution of mesophyll cells, bundle sheath cells, veins, and stomata compared to a C3 plant?

    <p>C4 plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Pyruvate Oxidation occur in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of Pyruvate Oxidation?

    <p>2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of NADH and FADH2 in the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>Carry high-energy electrons and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration's Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>Act as the ultimate electron acceptor to produce water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ATP primarily formed in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Through chemiosmosis coupling proton transport with ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Light Reaction in photosynthesis?

    <p>Convert light energy into ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is NOT involved in the Calvin Cycle reactions?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the Calvin Cycle reactions?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Light Reaction, what is the role of ATP synthase?

    <p>Photophosphorylate ADP and P into ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the de-energized electrons go after being passed to Photosystem I?

    <p>2nd ETC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of NADPH Reductase in photosynthesis?

    <p>Reduce NADP+ into NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Pyruvate Oxidation occur in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of Pyruvate Oxidation?

    <p>2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>Krebs cycle or TCA cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the Light-Dependent Reactions of photosynthesis take place?

    <p>Thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ATP primarily formed in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Through chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product when O2 acts as the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of C4 plants over C3 plants in hot, dry environments?

    <p>Net productivity is approximately 2-3 times greater in hot, dry environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of PEP carboxylase in C4 photosynthesis?

    <p>PEP carboxylase converts CO2 to carbohydrate at lower CO2 concentrations than Rubisco.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adaptation of CAM plants to conserve water in extremely dry climates?

    <p>CAM plants open their stomata only at night to fix CO2 and store it as organic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CAM plants utilize the stored organic acids during the day?

    <p>During the day, CAM plants convert stored organic acids back to CO2 for use in the Calvin cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of CAM plants when water is scarce but light is abundant?

    <p>CAM plants are more efficient in low water conditions but high light conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between C4 and CAM plants in terms of when they fix CO2?

    <p>C4 plants fix CO2 in mesophyll cells, while CAM plants fix CO2 at night and store it as organic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main importance of photosynthesis to the entire web of life on Earth?

    <p>Photosynthesis provides food for virtually all organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of light in the activation of chlorophyll during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

    <p>Light activates chlorophyll to initiate the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a proton gradient contribute to the formation of ATP according to the chemiosmotic model?

    <p>The proton gradient powers ATP synthesis by driving the rotation of ATP synthase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate between alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

    <p>Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of NADPH Reductase in photosynthesis?

    <p>NADPH Reductase converts NADP+ to NADPH, facilitating the transfer of electrons in the light reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the feeding types (trophic types) in the context of photosynthetic organisms?

    <p>Photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that can limit optimal photosynthetic rates in plants?

    <p>Light intensities, temperature, and amount of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important storage mechanisms for nitrogen occur in plants?

    <p>Conversion of nitrates to ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can global climate change, caused by increasing CO2 levels, be moderated?

    <p>Limiting deforestation, reducing fossil fuel consumption, and growing biofuel crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does respiration release energy from glucose molecules?

    <p>From glucose molecules that are broken down to individual carbon dioxide molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the summary reaction for glucose breakdown in cellular respiration?

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 -&gt; 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

    <p>To combine with H+ to become water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net gain of ATP produced in cellular respiration?

    <p>36 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two end products of anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Lactic acid or Alcohol and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in efficiency between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Aerobic respiration is much more efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fermentation in the absence of O2?

    <p>Reduce pyruvate to Lactate or Alcohol and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Lactic acid (lactate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem II is also known as ___________

    <p>P680</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem I is also known as ___________

    <p>P700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP Synthase is an ATP producing enzyme embedded in the ________________

    <p>thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The series of embedded transport proteins between Photosystem II and Photosystem I is called ________________

    <p>Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NADP+ is an electron carrier that transports energy to the Calvin Cycle, acting like a Prius Airport Taxi, and gets reduced to ____________

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemiosmosis, a part of the electron transport chain, uses the proton gradient to produce ______________

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes regulate __________ activities

    <p>metabolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down __________

    <p>carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the most important energy transfer molecule in living _________

    <p>things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adding the Phosphate group back, ADP becomes ________

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________________ reactions involve oxidation and reduction

    <p>Redox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen atom (H+) is lost during oxidation and gained during __________

    <p>reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, the final electron acceptor is ______

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerobic respiration cannot be completed without ______

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose breakdown in cellular respiration results in the production of ______ and water

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main purpose of chemiosmosis in photosynthesis is the production of ______

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Respiration is the release of energy from glucose molecules through the process of breaking them down to individual ______ molecules

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Chloroplast, reduction of sulfate to sulfide is important for the synthesis of proteins, anthocyanins, and ______

    <p>chlorophylls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyruvate (3C) degraded to Acetyl CoA (2C) in the process of Pyruvate ______

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport system in the process of ______ transport

    <p>Electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prior to entering the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid loses CO2 and is converted to ______ CoA

    <p>Acetyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose becomes fructose carrying two phosphates in the process of Glycolysis - ______

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High energy electrons and hydrogen are removed as the Citric acid (Krebs) cycle proceeds in the fluid matrix of ______ in mitochondria

    <p>cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If O2 is not available, anaerobic respiration or ______ occurs

    <p>fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyruvate is oxidized and binds with ______

    <p>Coenzyme A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each Citric Acid Cycle releases 3 ______

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Electron Transport Chain, energy from NADH and FADH2 is released as ______ and electrons

    <p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O2 acts as the ultimate electron acceptor in Oxidative Phosphorylation, producing ______

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemiosmosis couples transport of protons into matrix with ______ phosphorylation

    <p>oxidative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Carbon removed from Pyruvate is converted to ______

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

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