Photosynthesis and Light Energy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

  • Contain thylakoid membranes
  • Absorb electromagnetic energy
  • Split H2O into hydrogen and oxygen (correct)
  • Release oxygen as a by-product

    • Which part of the chloroplast contains photosystems?

  • Chlorophyll pigment molecules
  • Light-harvesting complexes
  • Reaction-center complexes
  • Thylakoid membranes (correct)

    • What is the function of photosystem II in photosynthesis?

  • Splits water molecules (correct)
  • Contains light-harvesting complexes
  • Best absorbs light at 700nm
  • Surrounds reaction-center complexes

    • What is the role of reaction-center complexes in photosystems?

    <p>Capture photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chlorophyll molecule is associated with Photosystem I in photosynthesis?

    <p>P700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs in chloroplasts that results in the release of oxygen as a by-product?

    <p>Splitting H2O into hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do leaves appear green?

    <p>Because chlorophyll reflects/transmits green light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main photosynthetic pigment?

    <p>Chlorophyll a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of accessory pigments like chlorophyll b?

    <p>Broaden the light spectrum that can be used for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a pigment absorbs light?

    <p>It goes from a ground state to an excited state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action spectrum used for?

    <p>Profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when excited electrons fall back to the ground state in chlorophyll?

    <p>Photons are given off, creating fluorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of photosynthesis?

    <p>The light cycle and the Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main output of the light cycle in photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route for electron flow in the light cycle generates surplus ATP to satisfy the higher demand in the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a photon hits an electron in a pigment during the light cycle?

    <p>The electron is passed among pigment molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Ps II in the light cycle of photosynthesis?

    <p>Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

    <p>To synthesize glucose using ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?

    <p>To generate surplus ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which photosystem is exclusively involved in cyclic electron flow?

    <p>Photosystem I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the high-energy molecule produced during photophosphorylation?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the electron transport chain is responsible for creating an electrochemical gradient by pumping protons across the membrane?

    <p>Cytochrome complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary role is associated with cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?

    <p>Protect cells from light-induced damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the oxidizing power of P680+ be based on the information provided?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts?

    <p>Protons diffusing back into the matrix and stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does carbon fixation occur?

    <p>Rubisco catalyzed phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net synthesis per cycle in The Calvin Cycle for G3P?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is excess sugar stored in plants?

    <p>Starch in roots, tubers, seeds, and fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the light-independent reaction refer to in photosynthesis?

    <p>Calvin Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the production of oxygen in photosynthesis?

    <p>Light reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Light Cycle

    • The light cycle has two possible routes for electron flow: linear and cyclic.
    • Linear flow involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy.
    • Cyclic flow uses only photosystem I and produces ATP, but not NADPH.

    Linear Flow

    • A photon hits an electron in a pigment and the excited electron is passed among pigment molecules until it hits P680.
    • The excited electron from P680 is transferred to the primary electron acceptor.
    • P680+ is now missing an electron and is a strong oxidizing agent.
    • Water is split by enzymes, and the electrons are transferred from the hydrogen atoms to P680+, thus reducing it to back P680.

    Cyclic Flow

    • Cyclic electron flow generates surplus ATP, satisfying the higher demand in the Calvin cycle.
    • No oxygen is released in cyclic electron flow.

    Photosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
    • Chloroplasts contain thylakoid membranes, which contain photosystems.
    • Photosystems contain light-harvesting complexes and reaction-center complexes.
    • There are two types of photosystems: photosystem II and photosystem I.

    Photosystem II

    • Photosystem II functions first and best absorbs light at 680nm.
    • The reaction-center chlorophyll a is called P680.

    Photosystem I

    • Photosystem I best absorbs light at 700nm.
    • The reaction-center chlorophyll a is called P700.
    • Comes after PSII.

    Chlorophyll

    • Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs visible light.
    • Different pigments absorb different wavelengths.
    • Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment.
    • Accessory pigments, such as chlorophyll b, broaden the light spectrum that can be used for photosynthesis.
    • Accessory pigments called carotenoids absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll.

    Chlorophyll Absorption

    • An absorption spectrum is a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength.
    • The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a suggests that violet-blue and red light work best for photosynthesis.
    • An action spectrum profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process.

    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    • The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of electromagnetic energy.
    • Light is a form of electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation.
    • Light is packaged into discrete units called photons.

    Calvin Cycle

    • The Calvin cycle creates glucose from ATP and NADPH.
    • The Calvin cycle is where carbon fixation takes place.
    • Carbon fixation is the process of turning atmospheric carbon dioxide into glucose.
    • The Calvin cycle has three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the CO2 acceptor.
    • For net synthesis of 1 G3P, the cycle must take place three times, fixing 3 molecules of CO2.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on photosynthesis and light energy in this quiz. Learn about the process of photosynthesis, oxidation, reduction, and the role of light in energy production.

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