Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which molecule is produced as a byproduct of both lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
Which molecule is produced as a byproduct of both lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
- Carbon Dioxide (correct)
- Acetyl CoA
- Oxygen
- NADH
What is the primary role of acetyl CoA in the Krebs cycle?
What is the primary role of acetyl CoA in the Krebs cycle?
- To lose a carbon molecule and produce energy
- To enter the Krebs cycle as a six-carbon molecule (correct)
- To act as an electron carrier
- To be converted into lactate
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
- In the nucleus
- In the cytoplasm (correct)
- In the mitochondrial matrix
- On the inner mitochondrial membrane
Which statement correctly describes pyruvate during respiration?
Which statement correctly describes pyruvate during respiration?
What are the inputs required for the Krebs cycle?
What are the inputs required for the Krebs cycle?
What is the primary function of the cuticle in leaf structure?
What is the primary function of the cuticle in leaf structure?
Which component of the leaf structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
Which component of the leaf structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
What are the outputs of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What are the outputs of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What compound is formed when electrons from the light-dependent reactions bond with H+ and NADP+?
What compound is formed when electrons from the light-dependent reactions bond with H+ and NADP+?
Which statement best describes the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?
Which statement best describes the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
During photosynthesis, which part of the leaf primarily contains chloroplasts?
During photosynthesis, which part of the leaf primarily contains chloroplasts?
What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?
What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?
What is the result of fermentation in the absence of oxygen?
What is the result of fermentation in the absence of oxygen?
Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
How many total ATP can be generated from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?
How many total ATP can be generated from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?
Where does ATP synthesis occur within the mitochondria?
Where does ATP synthesis occur within the mitochondria?
During the Krebs cycle, what do FAD and NAD+ become after accepting electrons?
During the Krebs cycle, what do FAD and NAD+ become after accepting electrons?
What happens to the 4 carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle?
What happens to the 4 carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle?
How does the open tube in the yeast demo behave compared to the closed tube?
How does the open tube in the yeast demo behave compared to the closed tube?
Flashcards
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
The process of converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy (glucose).
Leaf Structure
Leaf Structure
The arrangement of parts in a leaf, including the cuticle, mesophyll (palisade and spongy), veins (xylem & phloem), and stomata.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
Light-dependent Reactions
Light-dependent Reactions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Light-independent Reactions
Light-independent Reactions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
Signup and view all the flashcards
Photosynthesis Formula
Photosynthesis Formula
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cellular Respiration Inputs
Cellular Respiration Inputs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cellular Respiration Outputs
Cellular Respiration Outputs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Glycolysis Location
Glycolysis Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Krebs Cycle Location
Krebs Cycle Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electron Transport Chain Location
Electron Transport Chain Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
What is cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur?
Where does glycolysis occur?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is fermentation?
What is fermentation?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Photosynthesis
- Leaf Structure: The leaf's structure plays a key role in photosynthesis. Protective cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll (with high chlorophyll content), and spongy mesophyll (with more chloroplasts) are important. Veins, containing xylem (for water transport) and phloem (transporting sugars from the leaf), are crucial.
- Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll: Chloroplasts, found in palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, are the site of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, the green pigment, is essential.
- Photosynthesis Process: Photosynthesis converts light energy into energy-rich molecules like glucose. The overall chemical equation is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This process involves gas exchange, with carbon dioxide entering and oxygen and water vapor leaving the leaf via stomata.
Light-Dependent Reactions
- Inputs: Water (H₂O), sunlight, ADP, and NADP⁺ are required for these reactions.
- Process Details: Photosystem II absorbs sunlight, splitting water into H⁺, O₂, and electrons. Electrons travel through electron carriers, increasing their energy level creating ATP and NADPH. Oxygen (O₂) exits the plant through stomata, H⁺ accumulate in the thylakoid space.
- Outputs: ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen (O₂) are generated during these reactions.
Light-Independent Reactions/Calvin Cycle
- Inputs: ATP, NADPH, CO₂.
- Process Details: Uses energy from ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) into glucose. The process occurs in the stroma (the fluid portion of the chloroplast).
Cellular Respiration
- Definition: The process of converting high-energy molecules (glucose) into chemical energy (ATP).
- Inputs: Glucose, Oxygen
- Outputs: Water (H₂O), ATP, Carbon Dioxide (CO₂). this is opposite to photosynthesis.
Glycolysis
- Definition: The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.
- Where it occurs: cytoplasm
- Process Details: Glucose is converted to two pyruvate molecules, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Krebs Cycle
- Definition: A series of chemical reactions to release energy from acetyl CoA.
- Where it occurs: mitochondrial matrix
Electron Transport Chain
- Definition: A process where electrons move through electron carriers, generating ATP.
- Where it occurs: inner mitochondrial membrane
- Process Details: The electrons are passed down and the energy is used to make ATP
Fermentation
- Definition: Energy production process without oxygen.
- Types: Lactic fermentation, alcoholic fermentation.
- Process Details (Lactic): Pyruvate converts to lactate, regenerating NAD+.
- Process Details (Alcoholic): Pyruvate converts to ethanol and carbon dioxide, regenerating NAD⁺.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
