Photosynthesis and Eukaryotic Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What powers the enzyme complex ATP synthase in photosynthesis?

The movement of electrons through the Calvin Cycle

Protons moving from low concentration in the lumen to high concentration in the stroma

The flow of H+ from high concentration in the lumen to low concentration in the stroma (correct)

The splitting of water through photolysis by PSI

What is the primary function of photolysis in photosynthesis?

Convert CO2 to organic carbon chains

Power the Calvin Cycle

Generate oxygen and ATP

Resupply electrons to PSII (correct)

Which molecule is covalently bonded to RuBP by Rubisco in the carbon fixation phase?

CO2 (correct)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

ATP

NADPH

What is the product of the reduction phase in the Calvin Cycle?

G3P Signup and view all the answers

In photosynthesis, what is the primary role of ATP?

Powering the enzyme complex ATP synthase Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the Calvin Cycle involves making G3P back into RuBP?

Regeneration phase Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of G3P produced in photosynthesis?

Make fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What happens when electrons flow from high concentration in the lumen to low concentration in the stroma?

ATP is generated Signup and view all the answers

Which component of photosynthesis involves storing energy in chemical bonds by fixing carbon from CO2?

Calvin Cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Acting as an electron carrier during Calvin Cycle reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of photosynthesis?

Transforming light energy into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotic cells, where does the process of photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Photosystem II in the light reactions?

Donating high energy electrons to the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytochrome complex in the electron transport chain?

Pumping hydrogen ions into the thylakoid lumen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plastocyanin (PC) in the light reactions?

Donating low energy electrons to Photosystem I Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Photosystem I in the light reactions?

Re-exciting low energy electrons to a high energy level Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ferredoxin (FD) in the light reactions?

Reducing NADP+ to NADPH Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane?

Driving the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the light reactions?

ATP and NADPH Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Light Reactions

H+ flow from high concentration in the lumen to low concentration in the stroma drives ATP synthase, resulting in ATP formation in the stroma (photophosphorylation)
Electrons leave the light reactions in NADPH, and new electrons are obtained by splitting water through photolysis by PSII
These low-energy electrons resupply PSII, while the by-products (H+ and oxygen) are useful but not required for photosynthesis
The role of photolysis is to generate new electrons by splitting water

Electron Transport Chain

Photosystem II donates high-energy electrons to an electron transport chain (ETC) starting with the high-energy electron carrier PQ
PQ reduces cytochrome complex, which uses the energy from the electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane into the thylakoid lumen, generating a H+ gradient
The low-energy electrons are then used to reduce PC, the last step in the ETC
Photosystem I accepts the low-energy electrons from PC and re-excites them back to a high-energy level

ATP Synthesis

ATP is formed during the light reactions using the energy generated from the H+ gradient
ATP synthase is driven by the H+ flow from the lumen to the stroma

Calvin Cycle

The Calvin Cycle fixes inorganic carbon from CO2 into organic carbon chains, storing energy in chemical bonds
CO2 is covalently bonded to the 5C molecule RuBP by the enzyme Rubisco, generating two 3C organic molecules in the carbon fixation phase
The product of the reduction phase is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
One G3P is exported while five go to the regeneration phase and are made back into three molecules of RuBP

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis transforms light energy into chemical energy, and is part of the carbon cycle synthesizing new carbon backbones from CO2 released during cellular respiration

Chloroplasts and Components

In eukaryotes (plants and algae), photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, using components in the stroma, thylakoid membranes, and the thylakoid lumen
The chloroplast has three compartments: stroma, thylakoid membranes, and thylakoid lumen

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Description

Test your knowledge on the process of photosynthesis and how it occurs in eukaryotic cells like plants and algae. Learn about the components involved in chloroplasts, thylakoid membranes, and the light reactions using photosystems.