6 Questions
What is the molecular energy currency of the cell?
ATP
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere?
Oxygen
What is the first step in cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose into pyruvate?
Glycolysis
What is the net ATP production per glucose molecule in cellular respiration?
36-38 ATP
What are the two main metabolic pathways that convert glucose into ATP?
Glycolysis and cellular respiration
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
Cellular respiration
Study Notes
Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose
- Occurs in chloroplasts and requires:
- Light energy
- Water (H2O)
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Produces:
- Glucose (C6H12O6)
- Oxygen (O2)
Energy Storage
- Energy from glucose is stored in the form of:
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers)
- ATP: molecular energy currency of the cell
- NADH and FADH2: electron carriers that transfer energy to the electron transport chain
Metabolic Pathways
- Series of chemical reactions that convert glucose into ATP
- Two main pathways:
- Glycolysis (anaerobic): breaks down glucose into pyruvate
- Cellular respiration (aerobic): converts pyruvate into ATP
ATP Production
- ATP synthesized through:
- Substrate-level phosphorylation (glycolysis and citric acid cycle)
- Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
- ATP production rates:
- 2 ATP per glucose (glycolysis)
- 36-38 ATP per glucose (cellular respiration)
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Three stages:
- Glycolysis: breaks down glucose into pyruvate
- Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle): converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
- Electron transport chain: generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
- Net ATP production: 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule
Photosynthesis
- Process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose, occurring in chloroplasts
- Requires light energy, water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Produces glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)
Energy Storage
- Energy from glucose is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and electron carriers NADH and FADH2
- ATP is the molecular energy currency of the cell
- NADH and FADH2 transfer energy to the electron transport chain
Metabolic Pathways
- Series of chemical reactions that convert glucose into ATP
- Two main pathways: glycolysis (anaerobic) and cellular respiration (aerobic)
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate
- Cellular respiration converts pyruvate into ATP
ATP Production
- ATP synthesized through substrate-level phosphorylation (glycolysis and citric acid cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
- ATP production rates: 2 ATP per glucose (glycolysis) and 36-38 ATP per glucose (cellular respiration)
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Three stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle), and electron transport chain
- Net ATP production: 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule
Learn about the process of photosynthesis, its requirements, and products, as well as how energy is stored in the cell. Understand the role of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in energy storage.
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