Photosynthesis and Ecosystems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary product of photosynthesis that serves as a usable energy source?

  • Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) (correct)
  • Oxygen (O₂)
  • Water (H₂O)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

In the chemical equation for photosynthesis, what role does sunlight play?

  • It supplies energy, driving the reaction forward. (correct)
  • It is a reactant, consumed in the process.
  • It acts as a catalyst, speeding up the reaction.
  • It is a product, formed during the process.

Which process converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?

  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • Combustion
  • Decomposition
  • Cellular respiration

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

<p>6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the arrow with the 'sunlight' label in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

<p>It shows the direction of energy flow in the reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes the role of photosynthesis in an ecosystem?

<p>It provides the initial energy source for the entire ecosystem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ecological pyramid, how is energy typically transferred between trophic levels?

<p>Energy is transferred when an organism at one level consumes an organism at a lower level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of decomposers in the flow of energy within an ecosystem?

<p>To return nutrients to the ecosystem by breaking down dead organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the ecological pyramid, which of these lists is ordered correctly from lowest to highest trophic level?

<p>Plants, Rabbits, Birds, Owls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group directly consumes the producers in an ecological pyramid?

<p>Primary Consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for the deer in the diagram?

<p>The tree (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the energy flow depicted in the diagram, which component serves as a source of both energy and matter for the deer?

<p>The tree (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the process of photosynthesis play in the energy flow within the diagram?

<p>It converts carbon dioxide and water into sugar, releasing oxygen as a byproduct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the energy flow from the sun to the deer in the diagram?

<p>The sun provides energy to the tree, which is consumed by the deer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the diagram, which arrow represents the primary process that allows the deer to obtain energy from the tree?

<p>The arrow from <em>sugar</em> towards the deer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of photosynthesis from the given equation?

<p>Glucose and oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the process of cellular respiration?

<p>It releases energy by breaking down glucose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for photosynthesis, what role does sunlight play?

<p>It is a reactant that initiates the process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants of cellular respiration based on the equation provided?

<p>Glucose and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis in plants?

<p>To produce glucose as an energy source. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for Earth?

<p>Solar energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how much of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by land and oceans?

<p>51% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of solar radiation is utilized by plants in photosynthesis?

<p>0.023% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component absorbs the least percentage of incoming solar radiation?

<p>Plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are produced as a result of photosynthesis?

<p>Glucose and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the inputs required for cellular respiration?

<p>Glucose and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the outputs of photosynthesis relate to the inputs of cellular respiration?

<p>They are the same substances in reversed order. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cyclical pattern of energy flow in nature represent?

<p>The interdependence of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is accurate?

<p>It converts light energy into chemical energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis due to the presence of chlorophyll?

<p>Cyanobacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chloroplasts play in photosynthetic organisms?

<p>They absorb light energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process through which energy is released from sugar?

<p>Cellular Respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organisms is NOT typically known for performing photosynthesis?

<p>Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to plants, which of the following groups demonstrates the ability to photosynthesize?

<p>Algae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, which substances are produced from glucose and oxygen?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is directly responsible for photosynthesis in plants and algae?

<p>Chloroplast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?

<p>$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process is glucose and oxygen consumed?

<p>Cellular Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of the cellular respiration process?

<p>Water and carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelles are responsible for cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced in large quantities during cellular respiration?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the equation of cellular respiration is accurate?

<p>It does not explicitly represent ATP production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of mitochondria aids in ATP production?

<p>Inner membrane folds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mitochondria in cellular respiration?

<p>Generation of ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary yield of glycolysis?

<p>2 ATP and 2 NADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which location does the Krebs cycle occur?

<p>Mitochondrial matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during the pyruvate oxidation stage?

<p>NADH and CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP can be generated from NADH formed during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>22 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of electron transport chains during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>To produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process directly contributes to the reduction of oxygen in cellular respiration?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP are generated from 2 FADH2 produced during the Krebs cycle?

<p>8 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Producers

Organisms like plants that produce their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.

Primary Consumers

Animals that eat producers for energy, taking in the stored energy from plants.

Secondary Consumers

Animals that eat primary consumers, taking in energy from the producers indirectly.

Tertiary Consumers

Animals that eat secondary consumers, occupying the top of the food chain.

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Decomposers

Organisms that break down dead plants and animals, returning nutrients to the soil and completing the cycle.

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Photosynthesis

The process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to create glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

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Cellular Respiration

The process where organisms break down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

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Photosynthesis Equation

A chemical equation that represents the process of photosynthesis.

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Cellular Respiration Equation

A chemical equation that represents the process of cellular respiration.

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Energy Flow

The flow of energy between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is cyclical, with glucose being produced by photosynthesis and used as fuel in cellular respiration.

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Sunlight

The energy source used in photosynthesis. It provides the energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

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Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

A simple sugar molecule that is the primary product of photosynthesis, providing energy for plants and other organisms.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

A gas that is taken in by plants during photosynthesis. It is converted into glucose, a form of energy.

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Water (H₂O)

A liquid essential for life, used by plants during photosynthesis to create glucose and oxygen.

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Reactants

The substances that are used up in a reaction, like the ingredients in a recipe.

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Energy Flow Cycle

A continuous flow of energy between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The products of one process become the reactants of the other.

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C6H12O6

The chemical formula for glucose, a simple sugar.

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Glucose

The reactant in cellular respiration that is broken down to release energy.

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Oxygen

The reactant in cellular respiration that is consumed to break down glucose.

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Carbon Dioxide and Water

The products of cellular respiration, released as waste.

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What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, using carbon dioxide and water.

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What is cellular respiration?

The process by which organisms break down glucose (sugar) to release energy, using oxygen.

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What is the primary source of energy on Earth?

The source of practically all energy on Earth, fueling photosynthesis and driving the food chain.

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What is energy flow in ecosystems?

The movement of energy through an ecosystem, beginning with producers converting sunlight into energy.

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How is incoming solar radiation distributed?

The sun's energy is distributed in various ways, with a small percentage being used in photosynthesis.

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Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in chloroplasts, which are organelles within plant cells. It absorbs light energy, particularly in the red and blue wavelengths, for photosynthesis.

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Chloroplasts

A specialized organelle found in plant cells, where photosynthesis takes place. They contain chlorophyll.

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Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms that can perform photosynthesis. They are often referred to as blue-green algae.

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Protists

A diverse group of mostly single-celled organisms that exhibit a wide range of characteristics, including photosynthesis.

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What is a Mitochondrion?

Mitochondria are organelles found inside cells where cellular respiration takes place.

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What is ATP?

Cellular respiration involves a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria, resulting in the production of ATP, a high-energy molecule that powers cellular processes.

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Does the overall equation for cellular respiration show ATP production?

While the overall equation for cellular respiration doesn't explicitly show ATP production, it's a crucial byproduct of this process.

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What is the role of the inner membrane in mitochondria?

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is folded, providing a larger surface area for the many chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration to occur efficiently.

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Energy Flow in Ecosystem

Energy from the sun is transferred through the food chain, starting with plants that capture sunlight, then to herbivores that eat plants, and finally to carnivores that eat herbivores.

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What is Glucose?

Glucose, also known as sugar, is a type of simple sugar that provides energy for plants and animals.

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What is Carbon Dioxide?

Carbon dioxide, a gas, is used by plants during photosynthesis to create glucose and oxygen.

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What is Oxygen?

Oxygen is a gas that plants release as a byproduct of photosynthesis, and it is essential for animals to breathe.

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What is Glycolysis?

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytosol. It breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small net gain of ATP and reducing power in the form of NADH.

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Describe Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvate oxidation is the second stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondrial matrix. It converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, releasing carbon dioxide and generating more reducing power (NADH).

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What is the role of the Krebs Cycle?

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is the third stage of cellular respiration, happening in the mitochondrial matrix. It involves a cyclic series of reactions that produce ATP, reducing power (NADH and FADH2), and carbon dioxide.

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How does Oxidative Phosphorylation work?

Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It uses the electron transport chain powered by reducing power (NADH & FADH2) to generate a large amount of ATP.

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What are the four key stages of Cellular Respiration?

Cellular respiration happens in four key stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each stage contributes to the production of ATP, the cell's main energy currency.

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Explain the role of the Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes within the inner mitochondrial membrane that act as electron carriers. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 flow through the chain, releasing energy that is used to pump protons, generating a proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis.

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What is the Proton Gradient and how is it used?

The proton gradient is a difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is created by the electron transport chain, and the energy stored in this gradient is utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP.

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How does ATP Synthase work?

ATP synthase is a complex protein that utilizes the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. It acts like a turbine powered by protons.

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Study Notes

  • Producers, such as plants, consume stored sugar or energy transferred to the next trophic level
  • Photosynthesis fuels or provides energy to all ecosystems

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Description

Test your understanding of photosynthesis and its role in ecosystems with this quiz. Explore the chemical processes involved, the significance of sunlight, and energy flow within ecological pyramids. Perfect for students studying biology.

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