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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of electron carriers in the Calvin Cycle?
What is the primary role of electron carriers in the Calvin Cycle?
The Calvin Cycle requires light to proceed.
The Calvin Cycle requires light to proceed.
False
What is the function of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco)?
What is the function of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco)?
Carbon fixation
In the Calvin Cycle, carbon dioxide is ultimately converted into ______.
In the Calvin Cycle, carbon dioxide is ultimately converted into ______.
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Match the following components with their respective functions in photosynthesis:
Match the following components with their respective functions in photosynthesis:
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Which process produces oxygen during photosynthesis?
Which process produces oxygen during photosynthesis?
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ATP is broken down into ADP and a phosphate group during the Calvin Cycle.
ATP is broken down into ADP and a phosphate group during the Calvin Cycle.
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What is the overall chemical equation representing cellular respiration?
What is the overall chemical equation representing cellular respiration?
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Which process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast?
Which process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast?
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Photosynthesis first evolved in eukaryotic cells.
Photosynthesis first evolved in eukaryotic cells.
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What is created when water is split during the light-dependent reactions?
What is created when water is split during the light-dependent reactions?
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The final product of photosynthesis is ______.
The final product of photosynthesis is ______.
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Match the components of the photosynthesis process with their roles:
Match the components of the photosynthesis process with their roles:
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What is the main role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis?
What is the main role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis?
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The Calvin Cycle occurs in the thylakoid membranes.
The Calvin Cycle occurs in the thylakoid membranes.
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How do hydrogen ions generate ATP during photosynthesis?
How do hydrogen ions generate ATP during photosynthesis?
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What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
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Mitosis consists of five distinct phases.
Mitosis consists of five distinct phases.
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What happens to the centrosome during the S phase?
What happens to the centrosome during the S phase?
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The G0 phase is where a cell ________.
The G0 phase is where a cell ________.
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Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:
Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:
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Which phase of interphase involves synthesis of DNA?
Which phase of interphase involves synthesis of DNA?
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Cell division can happen continuously without regulation.
Cell division can happen continuously without regulation.
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Name one factor that can cause a cell to exit the cell cycle.
Name one factor that can cause a cell to exit the cell cycle.
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What is the primary process that occurs in the cytoplasm during cellular respiration?
What is the primary process that occurs in the cytoplasm during cellular respiration?
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The Krebs Cycle produces the majority of ATP in cellular respiration.
The Krebs Cycle produces the majority of ATP in cellular respiration.
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What molecule is produced from pyruvate before it enters the Krebs cycle?
What molecule is produced from pyruvate before it enters the Krebs cycle?
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The process of breaking down glucose in glycolysis results in the production of _____ molecules of ATP.
The process of breaking down glucose in glycolysis results in the production of _____ molecules of ATP.
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Match the following stages of cellular respiration with their primary characteristics:
Match the following stages of cellular respiration with their primary characteristics:
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Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?
Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?
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Mitosis results in genetic diversity by producing identical daughter cells.
Mitosis results in genetic diversity by producing identical daughter cells.
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Name one function of the cell cycle besides preparing for cell division.
Name one function of the cell cycle besides preparing for cell division.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is a chemical process converting water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).
- Plants and photosynthetic bacteria use this process.
- Photosynthesis is a two-stage process: light-dependent and light-independent.
- Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
- Chlorophyll within the thylakoid membrane absorbs light energy, exciting electrons.
- Excited electrons travel through an electron transport chain, creating a hydrogen ion gradient.
- Water molecules are split (photolysis) to replace lost electrons and release oxygen.
- ATP (energy) is produced.
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur in the stroma.
- ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions provide energy and electrons for the Calvin Cycle.
- Carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic molecules (glucose).
- The light-independent reactions do not directly require light.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and ATP (energy).
- All organisms undergo cellular respiration.
- The process is the opposite of photosynthesis.
- Cellular respiration occurs in three major steps: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
- The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria.
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
- Pyruvate oxidation converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA.
- The Krebs cycle then processes Acetyl CoA to generate electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂).
- Electron transport chain creates a large amount of ATP using energy from the electron carriers.
- The final products are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of steps that lead to cell division.
- This is crucial for survival, growth, and tissue repair.
- The phases include:
- Interphase (G1, S, G2)
- Mitosis and Cytokinesis
- G1: Cell growth and activity.
- S: DNA replicates.
- G2: Cell continues growing in preparation for division.
- Mitosis: Nucleus divides
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides.
- Cells can enter a non-dividing G0 phase.
- Checkpoints regulate the cell cycle.
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Description
This quiz explores the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, two fundamental biological mechanisms. Covering the chemical reactions, stages, and significance of each process, it highlights the role of plants and photosynthetic bacteria in energy conversion. Test your understanding of these essential life processes and how they interconnect.
