Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in a cell?

  • It is a storage molecule for genetic information.
  • It is a high-energy molecule used to do work. (correct)
  • It is a structural component of the cell membrane.
  • It is an enzyme that catalyzes metabolic reactions.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are unrelated processes that occur independently in cells.

False (B)

What are the two main types of energy?

kinetic and potential

The process of making glucose using carbon dioxide, water, and light energy is called ________.

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their roles in photosynthesis:

<p>Chlorophyll = Absorbs light energy Thylakoid = Location of light reactions Stroma = Location of the Calvin cycle Carbon Dioxide = Reactant in the Calvin Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, what is the primary role of oxygen?

<p>To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Calvin cycle occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis occurs in the ________ of the cell.

<p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following steps of cellular respiration with their location:

<p>Glycolysis = Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle = Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport Chain = Cristae of Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations correctly represents photosynthesis?

<p>$CO_2 + H_2O + Light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + O_2$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ATP is composed of adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

<p>absorbs light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ________.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Kinetic Energy = Energy of motion Potential Energy = Stored energy Chloroplast = Site of photosynthesis Mitochondria = Site of cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the ATP cycle?

<p>ATP releases energy by breaking a phosphate bond to become ADP, which can then be recharged into ATP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only plants and algae can perform cellular respiration

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides ATP and Hydrogen ions, what is other product of the light reactions?

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'gel' that fills up the chloroplasts is called the ________.

<p>stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the reactants and products of Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration with their equations:

<p>Photosynthesis Reactants = Products of Cell Respiration Photosynthesis Products = Reactants of Cell Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Organelles that convert energy from one form to another; chloroplasts are for photosynthesis, mitochondria for cell respiration.

Energy

The ability to do work, existing in two main forms: kinetic (motion) and potential (stored).

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion. Light is an example.

Potential Energy

Stored energy in chemical bonds. Food molecules hold this type of energy.

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ATP

A high-energy molecule used by cells to do work, composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates.

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ADP

Like a 'dead battery'; composed of adenine, ribose, and two phosphates.

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ATP Cycle

ATP releases energy by breaking off a phosphate, becoming ADP; ADP recharges to ATP by adding energy and a phosphate.

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Photosynthesis Equation

CO2 + H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + O2

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Cell Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + ATP energy

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Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

The reactants of one process are the products of the other, demonstrating a cycle of energy conversion.

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Photosynthesis

Process using carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose in chloroplasts; performed by plants and algae.

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Thylakoid Membranes

Pancake-shaped membrane discs in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

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Stroma

Gel-like substance filling the chloroplast.

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Light Reactions

Water + light -> O2 + ATP + H ions

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Calvin Cycle

CO2 + ATP + H ions -> C6H12O6

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Sodium Bicarbonate in Photosynthesis Lab

Baking soda provides CO2 for photosynthesis.

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Floating Leaves in Photosynthesis Lab

Measuring the rate of photosynthesis.

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Aerobic Cell Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP

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Glycolysis

Glucose -> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP.

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Krebs Cycle

Pyruvate -> CO2 + H ions + electrons + 2ATP; occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

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Study Notes

  • Chloroplasts and mitochondria are cell organelles for energy conversion.
  • Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis.
  • Mitochondria are the site of cell respiration.

Energy

  • Energy is the ability to do work.
  • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
  • Potential energy is stored energy.
  • Light is a type of kinetic energy that travels in waves.
  • Chemical energy is a type of potential energy stored in chemical bonds of food molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
  • Cells use ATP for all work.
  • ATP is a high-energy molecule comprised of a nitrogen base (adenine), sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphates.
  • ADP is like a "dead battery" and contains adenine, ribose, and 2 phosphates.
  • ATP releases energy by breaking off one phosphate, becoming ADP.
  • ADP can be "recharged" to ATP by adding energy from glucose and one phosphate.

Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

  • Photosynthesis and cell respiration are chemical reactions converting energy.
  • Photosynthesis equation: CO2 + H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + O2
  • Cell respiration equation: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP energy
  • Photosynthesis reactants are the products of cell respiration.
  • Cell respiration reactants are the products of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

  • Photosynthesis makes glucose using carbon dioxide, water, and light energy in chloroplasts.
  • Only plants and algae perform photosynthesis.
  • Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy.
  • Chloroplasts have a double-layered outer membrane.
  • Thylakoid membranes are pancake-shaped with chlorophyll.
  • Stroma is the gel-like substance filling chloroplasts.
  • Photosynthesis equation: CO2 + H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2

Steps of Photosynthesis

  • Light reactions occur on thylakoid membranes using water and light to produce oxygen, ATP, and H ions.
  • Calvin cycle happens in the stroma, combining carbon dioxide, ATP, and H ions to produce glucose.
  • In the photosynthesis lab, sodium bicarbonate provided CO2.
  • Oxygen production causes leaves to float, indicating the rate of photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration

  • Aerobic cell respiration equation: C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP

Steps of Aerobic Cell Respiration

  • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, converting glucose into 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP.
  • Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, turning pyruvate into CO2, H ions, electrons and 2 ATP.
  • Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occurs on the mitochondrial cristae, using oxygen, H ions, and electrons to produce water and 32 ATP.

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