Life Sciences November Exam P1 (Hard)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of photosynthesis?

  • Produce carbon dioxide
  • Convert light energy into glucose (correct)
  • Release oxygen into the atmosphere
  • Generate heat for the plant

    • Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

  • Thylakoids within chloroplasts (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoplasm

    • What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  • To release oxygen into the atmosphere
  • To absorb and convert light energy into chemical energy (correct)
  • To provide heat for the plant
  • To store glucose in the plant

    • During photosynthesis, where are protons (H⁺ ions) pumped to during the light-dependent reactions?

    <p>Protons are pumped into the thylakoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

    <p>Light-dependent reactions and Light-independent reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons in chlorophyll molecules during photosynthesis?

    <p>They are excited and initiate the photosynthetic process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synthesis of ATP occur in chloroplasts?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within a chloroplast is responsible for capturing light energy?

    <p>Thylakoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary end product of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for conducting photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

    <p>Serve as a high-energy electron carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is essential for fixing carbon dioxide during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>RuBisCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of grana in chloroplasts?

    <p>Capture light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of energy for converting carbon dioxide into carbohydrates during photosynthesis?

    <p>Light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of chloroplasts provides structural support to thylakoid membranes?

    <p>Lamella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Capture light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary end product of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle does the light-independent phase of photosynthesis take place?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to atmospheric oxygen levels if photosynthesis does not occur?

    <p>They decrease, jeopardizing the survival of aerobic life forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photosynthesis in maintaining the balance of atmospheric gases?

    <p>Absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of photosynthesis requires radiant energy for its processes?

    <p>Light-dependent phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules undergo a transformative journey leading to the production of carbohydrates in photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ecological implications are associated with the significance of photosynthesis in the biosphere?

    <p>Balancing atmospheric gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of excess glucose produced in photosynthesis?

    <p>Store energy in the form of starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is considered the ultimate energy source for life on Earth according to the text?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors primarily influence the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>Intensity of light, concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of starch granules in chloroplasts?

    <p>Store glucose produced during photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?

    <p>Increases until an optimal point is reached, then plateaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules serve as the primary receptors of sunlight energy in chloroplasts during photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of excessive light intensity in photosynthesis?

    <p>Damage to photosynthetic apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the double membrane surrounding chloroplasts?

    <p>Protect the chloroplast from damage and regulate substance passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does photosynthetic rate respond to increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration?

    <p>Increases until a certain point, then levels off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of photosynthesis involves the assimilation of carbon dioxide and synthesis of carbohydrates?

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if carbon dioxide concentrations exceed the optimum level for photosynthesis?

    <p>Reduced photosynthetic efficiency due to limited gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of photolysis in photosynthesis?

    <p>Generates oxygen and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synthesis of carbohydrates occur in chloroplasts?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature influence photosynthetic rates?

    <p>Leads to increased rates progressively until an optimal point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if temperatures exceed the optimum level for photosynthesis?

    <p>Impaired photosynthetic function and diminished rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis?

    <p>Molecular reservoir of energy for biochemical processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do greenhouses provide for optimal photosynthesis?

    <p>Controlled environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within chloroplasts encodes essential genes for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do chlorophyll pigments capture during photosynthesis?

    <p>Sunlight energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary factor influencing the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>Concentration of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does photosynthetic rate reach an optimal level with increasing light intensity?

    <p>At a point where maximal photosynthetic activity is achieved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Converting radiant energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth in animals is specialized for catching, holding, tearing, and sometimes killing prey?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are located behind canines and before molars?

    <p>Premolars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of carnassial teeth in animals?

    <p>Used for cutting meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are characterized by being flat and uneven and used for grinding and crushing food?

    <p>Molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the human dental formula 2.1.2.3 indicate?

    <p>2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are used for cutting plant material in herbivores?

    <p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet is indicated by the presence of specialized carnassial teeth?

    <p>Carnivorous diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, what is the function of saliva released by the salivary glands in the mouth cavity?

    <p>Chemically breaks down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human digestive organ is responsible for carrying the bolus to the stomach through peristalsis?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of premolars in animals?

    <p>Grinding and crushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?

    <p>Neutralization of stomach acid with the help of bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for the secretion of enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the digestive system?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the colon in the digestive process?

    <p>Absorption of water and mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the physical breakdown of food primarily through mastication and peristalsis?

    <p>Mechanical Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs primarily in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes how villi in the small intestine contribute to the digestive process?

    <p>They absorb nutrients and increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of destarching a plant before investigations into photosynthesis?

    <p>To ensure accurate test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Starch Test investigation, why is the leaf subjected to boiling water and ethanol treatment?

    <p>To extract chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the aluminum foil in the Light Requirement investigation for photosynthesis?

    <p>To obstruct light access to part of the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigative approach demonstrates the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Investigation 4: Chlorophyll Requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the glowing splint test to confirm oxygen production in photosynthesis?

    <p>The splint ignites again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sodium bicarbonate used in Investigation 3: Carbon Dioxide Requirement for Photosynthesis?

    <p>To release carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the blue-black coloration in the iodine-stained leaf indicate in the Starch Test investigation?

    <p>Presence of starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do investigations into photosynthesis provide insights into the biochemical processes involved?

    <p>By analyzing plant responses to environmental variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the destarching process involve before investigations into photosynthesis?

    <p>Subjecting the plant to darkness for 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the destarching process ensure accurate results in investigating photosynthesis?

    <p>By removing interfering variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the absorption of radiant energy by chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>To excite electrons within chlorophyll molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where are protons (H⁺ ions) pumped to?

    <p>Thylakoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fuels the pumping of protons (H⁺ ions) from the stroma into the thylakoid space in photosynthesis?

    <p>Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the energy released as electrons move along the electron transport chain during photosynthesis?

    <p>It is utilized to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thylakoids in the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>To provide a location for the light-dependent reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the excited state of electrons contribute to the photosynthetic process?

    <p>By facilitating the movement of protons across thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of grana in chloroplasts?

    <p>Storage of ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, what is the role of the stroma?

    <p>Energy conversion into carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the chloroplast, which structure is responsible for the capture of light energy during photosynthesis?

    <p>Lamella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary end products of the light-dependent reactions during photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle facilitates the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and NADPH during photosynthesis?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lamellae in a chloroplast?

    <p>Fixation of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the chloroplast serves as the primary site for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>Lamella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?

    <p>Structural support to grana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures within a chloroplast are essential for energy generation during photosynthesis?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a granum (grana) within a chloroplast?

    <p>Facilitation of light capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the double membrane surrounding chloroplasts?

    <p>To regulate the passage of substances into and out of the chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis, what is the primary purpose of photolysis?

    <p>To produce oxygen and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of photosynthesis does the Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent phase, take place?

    <p>Darkened phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of starch granules within the chloroplasts?

    <p>To store glucose molecules from photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains its own circular DNA molecules and encodes essential genes for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the ATP generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>To drive biochemical transformations in the light-independent phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, where does the process of photophosphorylation occur?

    <p>In the thylakoid membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplast DNA in the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>To encode essential genes involved in photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, what is the purpose of the chlorophyll pigments within the thylakoid membranes?

    <p>To absorb sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis?

    <p>ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of photosynthesis occurs in the grana of chloroplasts?

    <p>Light-dependent phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of excess glucose in photosynthesis?

    <p>Storing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds serve as the primary receptors of solar radiation in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crucial role of the light-independent phase in photosynthesis?

    <p>Assimilating carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of photosynthesis helps in the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>Carbon assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of organic compound synthesis in photosynthesis?

    <p>Synthesizing amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, what serves as the primary fuel for metabolic processes in plants?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of carbohydrate synthesis in photosynthesis?

    <p>Storing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does photosynthesis contribute to atmospheric oxygen levels?

    <p>Replenishing the O2 pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules undergo a transformative journey to produce carbohydrates in photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in the digestive system produces a fluid that neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine in the digestive process?

    <p>Increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of digestion is primarily responsible for breaking down food into smaller particles through chewing and peristalsis?

    <p>Mechanical Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rectum in the digestive process?

    <p>Storage of undigested waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for controlling blood glucose levels within the body?

    <p>Insulin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the absorption of nutrients primarily occur before they are transported to cells for assimilation?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does excessive light intensity have on photosynthetic efficiency?

    <p>Leads to photoinhibition and damage to photosynthetic apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does low CO2 concentration affect photosynthetic activity?

    <p>Constrains carbon availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at temperatures beyond the optimal point for photosynthesis?

    <p>Photoinhibition and protein structure disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are greenhouse environments beneficial for photosynthesis?

    <p>Optimizing photosynthetic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the rate of photosynthesis by serving as a substrate for carbon fixation during the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Carbon dioxide concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what light intensity does the rate of photosynthesis tend to be limited by the availability of radiant energy?

    <p>Low light intensities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does CO2 concentration exceeding the optimum level have on photosynthetic efficiency?

    <p>Leads to stomatal closure and reduced efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lower temperature impact enzymatic reactions in photosynthesis?

    <p>Slows down enzymatic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor modulates enzyme kinetics, membrane fluidity, and metabolic processes in photosynthesis?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does low CO2 concentration have on photosynthetic activity?

    <p>Limits carbon availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of examining the dentition of skulls in animals?

    <p>Inferring an animal's dietary habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the presence of carnassial teeth indicative of a carnivorous diet in animals?

    <p>For cutting meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dental formula for humans differ from that of carnivores?

    <p>The presence of canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the dental formula of herbivores and carnivores?

    <p>The development of canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the human dental formula characterized by both incisors and molars?

    <p>For omnivorous dietary habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the function of premolars from that of molars in animals?

    <p>Cutting and crushing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of canines in animal dentition?

    <p>Tearing prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are molars described as flat and uneven in the types of teeth found in animals?

    <p>For grinding and crushing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do the teeth of herbivores differ from those of carnivores?

    <p>The size of canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary habits do the presence of broad, flat molars typically indicate in animals?

    <p>Plant-based diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigative approach specifically aims to demonstrate the necessity of light for photosynthesis?

    <p>Investigation 2: Light Requirement for Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of destarching a plant before investigations related to photosynthesis?

    <p>To ensure accurate results in subsequent investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation highlights the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis through the use of variegated leaves?

    <p>Investigation 4: Chlorophyll Requirement for Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of exposing a leaf to boiling water followed by ethanol treatment in the starch test investigation?

    <p>Decolorization of the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from the outcome of the investigation related to carbon dioxide requirement for photosynthesis using sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate solutions?

    <p>CO2-releasing solutions are vital for carbon fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key function does the glowing splint test serve in investigations into photosynthesis?

    <p>Demonstrating oxygen liberation during photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of applying iodine solution in the investigation regarding the starch test?

    <p>To reveal the occurrence of starch in the leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practical purpose does the necessity of CO2 for photosynthetic carbon fixation serve in plant growth?

    <p>Aiding in the synthesis of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which investigation conclusively indicates the absolute requirement of carbon dioxide for photosynthetic processes?

    <p>Investigation 3: Carbon Dioxide Requirement for Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological function of chlorophyll is highlighted by the outcome of the investigation using variegated leaves?

    <p>Serving as the primary photosynthetic pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

    <p>Producing glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, what initiates the photosynthetic process by exciting electrons within chlorophyll molecules?

    <p>Absorption of radiant energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, where does the absorption of light energy primarily occur?

    <p>Thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to protons during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>They are pumped into the thylakoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of plant cells is primarily responsible for sustaining life on Earth by producing oxygen through the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives plant growth and ecosystem productivity as a result of understanding the intricacies of photosynthesis?

    <p>Providing chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ primarily regulates the entry and exit of food using sphincters?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gallbladder in the digestive process?

    <p>Storing bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digestive organ plays a key role in controlling blood glucose levels?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location for nutrient absorption in the human digestive system?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific area in the small intestine has structures known as villi that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the large intestine primarily absorb before feces are expelled through the anus?

    <p>Mineral salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary biochemical phenomenon that unfolds within the chloroplasts of plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle encodes essential genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast function?

    <p>Chloroplast DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the double membrane surrounding the chloroplast?

    <p>Regulates substance passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do starch granules primarily store glucose molecules for plants?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the primary receptor of sunlight within the chloroplast?

    <p>Chlorophyll pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of photosynthesis is characterized by the assimilation of carbon dioxide and the synthesis of carbohydrates?

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as a molecular reservoir of energy to power biochemical transformations in photosynthesis?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecular process liberates oxygen and energy-rich hydrogen ions in the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis?

    <p>Photolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What source provides plants with a readily available energy source during low light intensity or photosynthetic activity?

    <p>Starch granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for converting radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy?

    <p>Thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary substrate for carbon fixation during the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does excessive light intensity have on photosynthetic efficiency?

    <p>Leads to photoinhibition and damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at low CO2 concentrations in terms of photosynthetic activity?

    <p>Reduces carbon assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of excessive temperatures on photosynthetic function?

    <p>Induces enzyme denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do CO2 concentrations above the optimum level affect photosynthetic efficiency?

    <p>Cause stomatal closure and reduced efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the efficiency of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

    <p>Intensity of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, what occurs when temperatures exceed the optimal range?

    <p>Causes enzyme denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do increases in light intensity beyond the optimal point affect photosynthetic rates?

    <p>Result in reduced photosynthetic rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which point do further increases in CO2 concentration yield diminishing returns in photosynthetic rates?

    <p>Above the optimal level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low light intensities on the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>Subdued photosynthetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

    <p>Electron carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the synthesis of ATP primarily occur within the chloroplast?

    <p>Thylakoid lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lamellae in a chloroplast?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for conducting photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process facilitates the release of oxygen gas in photosynthesis?

    <p>Photolysis of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigment is responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the reduction phase during photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of grana in a chloroplast?

    <p>Facilitating light absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RuBisCO in photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of destarching a plant before investigating photosynthesis?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of results in testing photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the glowing splint test considered a significant investigative tool in photosynthesis experiments?

    <p>To establish the necessity of oxygen in photosynthetic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conclusive evidence of oxygen liberation during photosynthesis?

    <p>The re-ignition or intensified burning of a wooden splint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is chlorophyll important in photosynthesis?

    <p>To capture light energy for the conversion into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of covering a portion of a leaf with aluminum foil during the investigation on light requirements for photosynthesis?

    <p>Blocks the light needed for photosynthesis in the covered area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the light play in the experiment on the light requirement for photosynthesis?

    <p>Drives the photosynthetic processes involving starch accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the absence of starch accumulation in the presence of sodium hydroxide in Investigation 3 illustrate the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?

    <p>Absence of carbon dioxide due to sodium hydroxide prevents starch formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Investigation 4, what does the presence of starch in only chlorophyll-containing regions demonstrate about photosynthesis?

    <p>Highlights the key role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is systematic environmental manipulation considered important in investigations related to photosynthesis?

    <p>To mimic natural conditions and study the plant's responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific function of canines in animals, according to the text?

    <p>Used for catching and tearing prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of starch granules within plant cells?

    <p>Serving as a vital reservoir of energy for metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth usually have jagged triangular edges and are adapted for cutting meat?

    <p>Carnassial teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the human dental formula 2.1.2.3?

    <p>Represents the number of teeth in one half of the upper and lower jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique attribute distinguishes the light-independent phase of photosynthesis from the light-dependent phase?

    <p>Assimilates carbon dioxide to synthesize carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem service is NOT directly linked to photosynthesis?

    <p>Mitigation of soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do herbivore skulls differ from carnivore skulls based on their dentition?

    <p>Herbivore skulls lack canines while carnivore skulls possess sharp canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of oxygen released during photosynthesis?

    <p>Supporting the respiratory needs of aerobic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of premolars in animals' dentition?

    <p>Used for grinding and crushing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do herbivores' teeth typically differ from carnivores' teeth, reflecting their dietary habits?

    <p>Herbivores possess incisors for cutting plant material and molars for grinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the conversion of radiant energy in photosynthesis?

    <p>Sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major function besides glucose production does photosynthesis serve?

    <p>Synthesizing organic compounds essential for cellular structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do carnassial teeth play in the dentition of carnivores such as cats and dogs?

    <p>Shearing meat effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dental structure of animals reflect their dietary preferences?

    <p>Specific tooth types are tailored for different feeding behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor would most likely have a significant impact if photosynthesis did not occur?

    <p>Decrease in oxygen levels in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the stroma of chloroplasts play in photosynthesis?

    <p>Assimilating carbon dioxide to synthesize carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes canines from other types of teeth in animals?

    <p>Triangular edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do omnivores possess a combination of herbivore and carnivore dentition?

    <p>To support the digestion of varied food sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate significance of photosynthesis in sustaining life on Earth?

    <p>Supplying organic compounds as food across trophic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary process would be compromised if photosynthesis ceased to occur in plants?

    <p>Energy production through cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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