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Questions and Answers
What is the source of energy for photosynthetic autotrophs?
What is the source of energy for photosynthetic autotrophs?
What is the source of carbon for chemosynthetic autotrophs?
What is the source of carbon for chemosynthetic autotrophs?
Which organisms are considered heterotrophs?
Which organisms are considered heterotrophs?
What is the product of photosynthesis?
What is the product of photosynthesis?
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What is the function of visible light in photosynthesis?
What is the function of visible light in photosynthesis?
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Why does the feeding rate increase slowly at low prey densities?
Why does the feeding rate increase slowly at low prey densities?
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What contributes to the S-shaped curve of the functional response in Type III?
What contributes to the S-shaped curve of the functional response in Type III?
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Why do animals often ignore uncommon foods at low densities?
Why do animals often ignore uncommon foods at low densities?
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What happens to the number of prey caught per predator at intermediate prey densities?
What happens to the number of prey caught per predator at intermediate prey densities?
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What are examples of Type III functional response in the text?
What are examples of Type III functional response in the text?
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What percentage of the solar spectrum at sea level is made up of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)?
What percentage of the solar spectrum at sea level is made up of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)?
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How is PAR quantified?
How is PAR quantified?
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What are the predominant elements in the chemical composition of organisms?
What are the predominant elements in the chemical composition of organisms?
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What do differences in photosynthetic response curves classify plants into?
What do differences in photosynthetic response curves classify plants into?
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How is type 1 functional response categorized?
How is type 1 functional response categorized?
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Autotrophs use organic molecules as a source of energy.
Autotrophs use organic molecules as a source of energy.
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Photosynthetic autotrophs use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon.
Photosynthetic autotrophs use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon.
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Heterotrophs use organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy.
Heterotrophs use organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy.
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Respiration is the exact opposite of photosynthesis.
Respiration is the exact opposite of photosynthesis.
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Visible light with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm carries sufficient energy to drive the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Visible light with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm carries sufficient energy to drive the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
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Type III functional response produces an S-shaped curve attributed to predator behavioral characteristics such as prey-switching and learning time.
Type III functional response produces an S-shaped curve attributed to predator behavioral characteristics such as prey-switching and learning time.
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Feeding rate increases slowly at low prey densities because food organisms may be better protected from predators in relatively protected habitats or safe sites.
Feeding rate increases slowly at low prey densities because food organisms may be better protected from predators in relatively protected habitats or safe sites.
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Animals often ignore uncommon foods and focus on more abundant foods at low densities.
Animals often ignore uncommon foods and focus on more abundant foods at low densities.
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The S shape of the functional response curve in Type III is attributed to predator behavioral characteristics.
The S shape of the functional response curve in Type III is attributed to predator behavioral characteristics.
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The feeding rate increases fast at intermediate prey densities before leveling off at high densities in Type III functional response.
The feeding rate increases fast at intermediate prey densities before leveling off at high densities in Type III functional response.
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Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) makes up 45% of the solar spectrum at sea level
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) makes up 45% of the solar spectrum at sea level
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Light intensity of 4.6 µmol/m^2/s is equivalent to about 1 watt per square meter
Light intensity of 4.6 µmol/m^2/s is equivalent to about 1 watt per square meter
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Plants have higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compared to fungi, animals, and bacteria
Plants have higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compared to fungi, animals, and bacteria
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Tropical plants contain lower levels of toxic alkaloids compared to temperate plants
Tropical plants contain lower levels of toxic alkaloids compared to temperate plants
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Type 1 functional response is a linear increase in consumption rate as food densities rise until reaching a maximum consumption rate
Type 1 functional response is a linear increase in consumption rate as food densities rise until reaching a maximum consumption rate
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Explain the three main sources of energy used by organisms to obtain energy.
Explain the three main sources of energy used by organisms to obtain energy.
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What is the difference between photosynthetic autotrophs and chemosynthetic autotrophs in terms of their sources of carbon and energy?
What is the difference between photosynthetic autotrophs and chemosynthetic autotrophs in terms of their sources of carbon and energy?
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Define heterotrophs and provide examples of organisms that are considered heterotrophs.
Define heterotrophs and provide examples of organisms that are considered heterotrophs.
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Explain the process of photosynthesis in a simple equation.
Explain the process of photosynthesis in a simple equation.
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What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, and how do they contribute to the carbon cycle?
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, and how do they contribute to the carbon cycle?
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What are the predominant elements in the chemical composition of organisms?
What are the predominant elements in the chemical composition of organisms?
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How is Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) quantified?
How is Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) quantified?
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What is the relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis at low and high light intensities?
What is the relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis at low and high light intensities?
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What are the categories of functional responses and how are they characterized?
What are the categories of functional responses and how are they characterized?
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What is the chemical composition difference between plants and fungi, animals, and bacteria?
What is the chemical composition difference between plants and fungi, animals, and bacteria?
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Why does feeding rate increase slowly at low prey densities in Type III functional response?
Why does feeding rate increase slowly at low prey densities in Type III functional response?
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What behavioral characteristics of predators contribute to the S-shaped curve in Type III functional response?
What behavioral characteristics of predators contribute to the S-shaped curve in Type III functional response?
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Provide an example of animals exhibiting Type III functional response in the text.
Provide an example of animals exhibiting Type III functional response in the text.
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What happens to the number of prey caught per predator at intermediate prey densities in Type III functional response?
What happens to the number of prey caught per predator at intermediate prey densities in Type III functional response?
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What may animals require to exploit food and develop their searching and handling skills at low prey densities?
What may animals require to exploit food and develop their searching and handling skills at low prey densities?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis, Chemical Composition, and Ecological Functions
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) makes up about 45% of the solar spectrum at sea level, with infrared light at 53% and UV light at 2%.
- PAR is quantified as photon flux density, measured in micromoles (µmol) per square meter per second, with 4.6 µmol/m^2/s equivalent to a light intensity of about 1 watt per square meter.
- Light quantity and quality change with seasons, weather, time of day, landscapes, water, and organisms.
- Organic molecules are used by organisms categorized as herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, and detritivores.
- The chemical composition of organisms is predominantly made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, with plants having lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compared to fungi, animals, and bacteria.
- Plant chemical defenses include toxins and digestion-reducing substances, with tropical plants containing higher levels of toxic alkaloids compared to temperate plants.
- Despite higher levels of chemical defense, tropical plants experience higher levels of herbivore attack, suggesting more intense natural selection for chemical defense in tropical plant populations.
- The rate at which organisms can take in energy is limited by internal constraints, even if energy availability in the environment is not a limiting factor.
- Photosynthetic response curves show that at low light intensities, photosynthesis increases linearly, while at high light intensities, it levels off.
- Differences in photosynthetic response curves have been used to classify plants into sun and shade species, with shade plants showing higher photosynthetic rates at very low light intensities.
- Functional responses describe the relationship between an individual’s rate of consumption and food density, categorized into type 1 and type 2 functional responses.
- Type 1 functional response is a linear increase in consumption rate as food densities rise until reaching a maximum consumption rate, while type 2 functional response rises linearly at low food density, rises more slowly at intermediate food density, and then levels off at high densities.
Photosynthesis, Chemical Composition, and Ecological Functions
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) makes up about 45% of the solar spectrum at sea level, with infrared light at 53% and UV light at 2%.
- PAR is quantified as photon flux density, measured in micromoles (µmol) per square meter per second, with 4.6 µmol/m^2/s equivalent to a light intensity of about 1 watt per square meter.
- Light quantity and quality change with seasons, weather, time of day, landscapes, water, and organisms.
- Organic molecules are used by organisms categorized as herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, and detritivores.
- The chemical composition of organisms is predominantly made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, with plants having lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compared to fungi, animals, and bacteria.
- Plant chemical defenses include toxins and digestion-reducing substances, with tropical plants containing higher levels of toxic alkaloids compared to temperate plants.
- Despite higher levels of chemical defense, tropical plants experience higher levels of herbivore attack, suggesting more intense natural selection for chemical defense in tropical plant populations.
- The rate at which organisms can take in energy is limited by internal constraints, even if energy availability in the environment is not a limiting factor.
- Photosynthetic response curves show that at low light intensities, photosynthesis increases linearly, while at high light intensities, it levels off.
- Differences in photosynthetic response curves have been used to classify plants into sun and shade species, with shade plants showing higher photosynthetic rates at very low light intensities.
- Functional responses describe the relationship between an individual’s rate of consumption and food density, categorized into type 1 and type 2 functional responses.
- Type 1 functional response is a linear increase in consumption rate as food densities rise until reaching a maximum consumption rate, while type 2 functional response rises linearly at low food density, rises more slowly at intermediate food density, and then levels off at high densities.
Photosynthesis, Chemical Composition, and Ecological Functions
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) makes up about 45% of the solar spectrum at sea level, with infrared light at 53% and UV light at 2%.
- PAR is quantified as photon flux density, measured in micromoles (µmol) per square meter per second, with 4.6 µmol/m^2/s equivalent to a light intensity of about 1 watt per square meter.
- Light quantity and quality change with seasons, weather, time of day, landscapes, water, and organisms.
- Organic molecules are used by organisms categorized as herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, and detritivores.
- The chemical composition of organisms is predominantly made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, with plants having lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compared to fungi, animals, and bacteria.
- Plant chemical defenses include toxins and digestion-reducing substances, with tropical plants containing higher levels of toxic alkaloids compared to temperate plants.
- Despite higher levels of chemical defense, tropical plants experience higher levels of herbivore attack, suggesting more intense natural selection for chemical defense in tropical plant populations.
- The rate at which organisms can take in energy is limited by internal constraints, even if energy availability in the environment is not a limiting factor.
- Photosynthetic response curves show that at low light intensities, photosynthesis increases linearly, while at high light intensities, it levels off.
- Differences in photosynthetic response curves have been used to classify plants into sun and shade species, with shade plants showing higher photosynthetic rates at very low light intensities.
- Functional responses describe the relationship between an individual’s rate of consumption and food density, categorized into type 1 and type 2 functional responses.
- Type 1 functional response is a linear increase in consumption rate as food densities rise until reaching a maximum consumption rate, while type 2 functional response rises linearly at low food density, rises more slowly at intermediate food density, and then levels off at high densities.
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Description
Test your knowledge of photosynthesis, chemical composition, and ecological functions with this quiz. Explore topics such as photosynthetically active radiation, organic molecule usage by different organisms, plant chemical defenses, photosynthetic response curves, and functional responses in ecological contexts.
