Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of radiation do most photopolymers react to?
What type of radiation do most photopolymers react to?
- X-rays
- Microwave radiation
- Infrared radiation
- Ultraviolet (UV) range of wavelengths (correct)
In which industry are photopolymers widely applied?
In which industry are photopolymers widely applied?
- Coating and printing industry (correct)
- Textile industry
- Automotive industry
- Food processing industry
What is the primary material used in photopolymerization processes?
What is the primary material used in photopolymerization processes?
- Radiation-curable resins or photopolymers (correct)
- Metals
- Plastics
- Glass
What is the first vat photopolymerization process called?
What is the first vat photopolymerization process called?
What type of radiation do most photopolymers react to?
What type of radiation do most photopolymers react to?
What is the primary material used in photopolymerization processes?
What is the primary material used in photopolymerization processes?
In which industry are photopolymers widely applied?
In which industry are photopolymers widely applied?
What is used to seal the top surfaces of teeth and prevent cavities?
What is used to seal the top surfaces of teeth and prevent cavities?
How are coatings cured in the application of sealing teeth surfaces?
How are coatings cured in the application of sealing teeth surfaces?
What changed with the introduction of stereolithography in sealing teeth surfaces?
What changed with the introduction of stereolithography in sealing teeth surfaces?
What is the term that encompasses stereolithography (SL) and related processes?
What is the term that encompasses stereolithography (SL) and related processes?
Which type of radiation is commonly used in VP systems for curing commercial photopolymers?
Which type of radiation is commonly used in VP systems for curing commercial photopolymers?
In which industry is visible light predominantly used for curing photopolymers?
In which industry is visible light predominantly used for curing photopolymers?
What was the company created to market SL machines as 'rapid prototyping' machines to the product development industry?
What was the company created to market SL machines as 'rapid prototyping' machines to the product development industry?
Which configuration for photopolymerization processes in a vat has seen some research interest?
Which configuration for photopolymerization processes in a vat has seen some research interest?
Which method of processing is not covered in the chapter on photopolymerization?
Which method of processing is not covered in the chapter on photopolymerization?
What type of approach irradiates entire layers at one time in photopolymerization processes?
What type of approach irradiates entire layers at one time in photopolymerization processes?
What distinguishes the mask projection approach from the vector scan and two-photon approaches?
What distinguishes the mask projection approach from the vector scan and two-photon approaches?
What is unique about the photopolymerization process in the two-photon approach?
What is unique about the photopolymerization process in the two-photon approach?
What is a distinguishing feature of the vector scan and mask projection approaches in comparison to the two-photon approach?
What is a distinguishing feature of the vector scan and mask projection approaches in comparison to the two-photon approach?
What is the primary focus of the chapter on photopolymerization?
What is the primary focus of the chapter on photopolymerization?
What is the main advantage of approaches that avoid recoating in photopolymerization?
What is the main advantage of approaches that avoid recoating in photopolymerization?
What does the chapter contrast the mask projection approach with?
What does the chapter contrast the mask projection approach with?
What is the focus of the section on Vat Photopolymerization Materials?
What is the focus of the section on Vat Photopolymerization Materials?
From where is much of the material in the Vat Photopolymerization Materials section derived?
From where is much of the material in the Vat Photopolymerization Materials section derived?
What are the two subsections that conclude the Vat Photopolymerization Materials section about?
What are the two subsections that conclude the Vat Photopolymerization Materials section about?
What type of radiation is predominantly used in commercial SL systems for curing photopolymers?
What type of radiation is predominantly used in commercial SL systems for curing photopolymers?
Which type of laser is used in the SLA-250 from 3D Systems for photopolymer curing?
Which type of laser is used in the SLA-250 from 3D Systems for photopolymer curing?
What distinguishes thermoplastic polymers from VP photopolymers?
What distinguishes thermoplastic polymers from VP photopolymers?
In mask projection DMD-based systems, what types of radiation are used for curing photopolymers?
In mask projection DMD-based systems, what types of radiation are used for curing photopolymers?
What is a disadvantage of epoxy resins in SL resins?
What is a disadvantage of epoxy resins in SL resins?
What is a benefit of adding acrylate to epoxy resins in SL resins?
What is a benefit of adding acrylate to epoxy resins in SL resins?
What is a characteristic of the polymerization of epoxy compositions in SL resins?
What is a characteristic of the polymerization of epoxy compositions in SL resins?
Why are most commercially available SL resins today epoxides with some acrylate content?
Why are most commercially available SL resins today epoxides with some acrylate content?
What is a disadvantage of acrylate-based resins in SL resins?
What is a disadvantage of acrylate-based resins in SL resins?
'When a fresh coating was put on the exposed layer, some radiation went through the new coating and initiated new photochemical reactions in the layer that was already partially cured.' This statement refers to which type of resin in SL resins?
'When a fresh coating was put on the exposed layer, some radiation went through the new coating and initiated new photochemical reactions in the layer that was already partially cured.' This statement refers to which type of resin in SL resins?
What is a consequence of additional cross-linking on a layer in SL resins?
What is a consequence of additional cross-linking on a layer in SL resins?
Why are acrylates useful in epoxy resins for SL processes?
Why are acrylates useful in epoxy resins for SL processes?
What is the term used to describe the process of linking small molecules into larger molecules in photopolymer chemistry?
What is the term used to describe the process of linking small molecules into larger molecules in photopolymer chemistry?
Which type of photopolymerization involves the creation of strong covalent bonds between polymer chains?
Which type of photopolymerization involves the creation of strong covalent bonds between polymer chains?
What undergoes a chemical transformation when UV radiation impinges on VP resin in photopolymer chemistry?
What undergoes a chemical transformation when UV radiation impinges on VP resin in photopolymer chemistry?
What does the symbol R denote in the molecular structures of photopolymers?
What does the symbol R denote in the molecular structures of photopolymers?
What is the primary disadvantage of acrylate photopolymers in SL resins?
What is the primary disadvantage of acrylate photopolymers in SL resins?
What is the most common type of cationic photopolymer used?
What is the most common type of cationic photopolymer used?
What happens when epoxy monomers react in photopolymerization?
What happens when epoxy monomers react in photopolymerization?
What is necessary to initiate the polymerization of VP monomers?
What is necessary to initiate the polymerization of VP monomers?
What is the term used to describe the process when two polymer chains merge by joining two radicals?
What is the term used to describe the process when two polymer chains merge by joining two radicals?
What does occlusion refer to in polymerization termination?
What does occlusion refer to in polymerization termination?
What does the P–I term indicate in Fig. 4.4 in relation to photopolymerization?
What does the P–I term indicate in Fig. 4.4 in relation to photopolymerization?
What is the primary purpose of a photoinitiator in the polymerization process?
What is the primary purpose of a photoinitiator in the polymerization process?
What is the main consequence of longer polymer molecules being preferred in photopolymerization?
What is the main consequence of longer polymer molecules being preferred in photopolymerization?
What is the term used to describe the process where free radicals become 'trapped' within a solidified polymer?
What is the term used to describe the process where free radicals become 'trapped' within a solidified polymer?
What are the intermediate steps of the process called where one radical can lead to the polymerization of over 1,000 monomers?
What are the intermediate steps of the process called where one radical can lead to the polymerization of over 1,000 monomers?
What type of catalyst is typically used for cationic polymerization?
What type of catalyst is typically used for cationic polymerization?
What initiates the cationic photopolymerization process?
What initiates the cationic photopolymerization process?
What has led to increased attention to cationic photopolymerization in the 1990s?
What has led to increased attention to cationic photopolymerization in the 1990s?
What are the main chemical families of oligomers used for radiation curing?
What are the main chemical families of oligomers used for radiation curing?
What is added to photoinitiators to shift the absorption towards longer wavelengths?
What is added to photoinitiators to shift the absorption towards longer wavelengths?
What do resin suppliers mix with oligomers and monomers to create ready-to-use formulations?
What do resin suppliers mix with oligomers and monomers to create ready-to-use formulations?
What is often used in combination with the photoinitiator in photoinitiating systems?
What is often used in combination with the photoinitiator in photoinitiating systems?
Which of the following is not a category of 3D printing processes?
Which of the following is not a category of 3D printing processes?
What are some factors associated with different 3D printing processes and equipment?
What are some factors associated with different 3D printing processes and equipment?
What term is preferred for 3D printing processes used in industry?
What term is preferred for 3D printing processes used in industry?
What distinguishes 3D printing processes used by amateurs from those used by professionals?
What distinguishes 3D printing processes used by amateurs from those used by professionals?
What is the trademarked term for fused filament fabrication (FFF)?
What is the trademarked term for fused filament fabrication (FFF)?
What material is fed into an extrusion nozzle head in fused deposition modeling?
What material is fed into an extrusion nozzle head in fused deposition modeling?
What type of motors are usually employed to move the extrusion head and adjust the flow in a 3D printer?
What type of motors are usually employed to move the extrusion head and adjust the flow in a 3D printer?
What is typically used as the most common material for fused deposition modeling?
What is typically used as the most common material for fused deposition modeling?
What type of material has been developed as an alternative to filament in fused deposition modeling?
What type of material has been developed as an alternative to filament in fused deposition modeling?
What software package is used to generate the G-Code that controls the motors in a 3D printer?
What software package is used to generate the G-Code that controls the motors in a 3D printer?
Which of the following is an example of material jetting technology?
Which of the following is an example of material jetting technology?
What is a key feature of the Pixelmaster developed by Howtek?
What is a key feature of the Pixelmaster developed by Howtek?
What has significantly impacted the additive manufacturing industry according to the text?
What has significantly impacted the additive manufacturing industry according to the text?
Which technology has evolved from Teletype's inktronic teleprinter to modern material jetting printers?
Which technology has evolved from Teletype's inktronic teleprinter to modern material jetting printers?
What is the primary focus of material jetting technologies?
What is the primary focus of material jetting technologies?
Which company pioneered the development of inkjet technology?
Which company pioneered the development of inkjet technology?
What is a distinguishing feature of material jetting technology?
What is a distinguishing feature of material jetting technology?
What is a key advantage of material jetting technologies?
What is a key advantage of material jetting technologies?
What are the main differences in 3D printing processes according to the text?
What are the main differences in 3D printing processes according to the text?
What did Howtek's Pixelmaster feature that contributed to high precision printing?
What did Howtek's Pixelmaster feature that contributed to high precision printing?
What is an example of a 3D printing process according to the text?
What is an example of a 3D printing process according to the text?
Study Notes
3D Printing Processes and Material Jetting
- Additive manufacturing technologies range from large-scale building fabrication to micro and nanoscale object production
- Various 3D printing processes have been developed since the late 1970s, expanding capabilities and materials used
- Differences in 3D printing processes lie in layer deposition methods and materials utilized
- Processes include selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and more
- Material jetting involves the use of nozzles to manipulate liquid materials, with inkjet technology being a key example
- Inkjet technology has evolved from Teletype's inktronic teleprinter in 1966 to modern material jetting printers
- Drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjets were invented in 1972, initially using water-based inks and experimentation with nozzle designs
- Howtek, Inc. pioneered the development of inkjet technology, refining the process to produce precise, high-temperature, hot-melt inks
- The Pixelmaster, developed by Howtek, featured 32 inkjet single nozzles per printhead, capable of printing CMYK colors with high precision
- Material jetting technologies have been instrumental in advancing additive manufacturing and 3D printing capabilities
- The evolution of inkjet technology from its early beginnings to modern material jetting has significantly impacted the additive manufacturing industry
- Advancements in material jetting have expanded the possibilities for 3D printing, offering precise and versatile production capabilities
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Description
Test your knowledge about the photopolymerization process, which utilizes liquid, radiation-curable resins or photopolymers that react to UV or visible light to become solid. Learn about the chemical reaction involved in photopolymerization and its development since the late 1960s.
