BIO 100.41 | Integumentary & Skeletal Systems

What is the main embryonic origin of the dermis in the integumentary system?

Which layer makes up the largest part of the integumentary system in terms of body weight?

What is the main function of the acid nature maintained by the integumentary system?

Which specialized cells are involved in the production of keratin in the integumentary system?

What is the main function of the stratum corneum in the integumentary system?

Which structure contributes to preventing desiccation (drying up) in fishes within the integumentary system?

What is the function of a Club cell in fish?

What provides a hard surface to counter the force in soft surfaces according to the text?

Which type of cell in fish is responsible for secreting predator repellent substances that do not directly contact the scales?

What is the key difference between horns and antlers as described in the text?

What forms an abscission line in male moose to shed their antlers after the mating season?

In fish, what is the role of Goblet cells?

Which of the following animals has horns made from keratinous fibers according to the text?

What characterizes Chondrichthyes in terms of scales?

What is the characteristic of pronghorn horns during winter time as mentioned in the text?

What distinguishes Ganoid scales in fish scale anatomy?

What is the main function of the 'velvet' on antlers described in the text?

What is the primary function of Rhomboid appearance in Ganoid scales?

Which part of the skull is responsible for enclosing the ear sensory organs?

In which group of animals are the palatoquadrate fully functional in the upper jaws?

Which bone in the lower jaw articulates with the connecting bones like hyomandibula?

What element forms the primary elements of jaws in mammals?

Which feature characterizes kinetic skulls that allows them to move to some degree?

Which group of animals exhibits an akinetic skull that allows suckling in infants and chewing with specialized teeth?

What is the purpose of the uropygial gland in birds?

What allows body heat to be in contact with the eggs in birds?

Which type of feather has a stalk or quill?

What is the function of scutes in reptiles?

What is the source of iridescence in bird feathers?

How do embryonic induction and epidermal-dermis interactions relate to feather development?

Claws grow in a straight direction.

Antlers have a coat of blood vessels, skin, and short hair that supplies nutrients and minerals to the growing bone.

Horns and antlers both have a bony core.

Pronghorn horns are present throughout the year, not just during winter.

Giraffe horns are made from ossified cartilaginous processes.

Rhinoceros horns are made from keratinized fibers.

Feathers in birds form from interactions between epidermis and mesoderm.

Gastralia are large plate-like scales found on the back of birds.

Uropygial gland in birds secretes water to maintain feather coloration.

Salt glands in birds play a role in salt excretion.

Birds' feathers have barbule shapes that enhance their chemical iridescence.

Feather-like scales, teeth, and hair develop from interactions between epidermis and mesenchyme.

Dorsal ribs attach to myomeres/myosepta, while ventral ribs interact with the Pleural cavity.

The first caudal vertebrae involve the fusion of neural arches and formation of neural canal.

True ribs allow for expansion and compression during breathing through their costal+sternal segments.

The capitulum articulates with the parapophysis, which is the anterior-most process that articulates with the vertebra.

False ribs are ribs that articulate with the sternum, allowing compensation of volume during breathing.

Birds have a sternum with a prominent keel/hull-like structure known as xiphisternum.

The dermis is mainly produced through intramembranous ossification.

The integumentary system contributes to gas exchange in amphibians.

Keratinization is the accumulation of collagen from living dermal cells.

The stratum corneum is the innermost layer of the epidermis.

Dermis contributes to preventing desiccation in fishes by producing mucus.

Hard protective keratinized layers called calluses are primarily formed due to the stratum germinativum.

The palatoquadrate is located ventrally in the feeding process.

Nictitating membrane is thick in the ventral margin of the eye.

Actinopterygii exhibit a low degree of kinesis.

Neurocranium is lowered in derived actinopterygians during feeding.

Pharyngeal jaw in sarcopterygii processes food into larger components.

Labyrinthodont teeth are infolded in modern lobe-finned fishes.

Turtles have a synapsid skull.

Squamata have lower temporal bars that allow streptostyly.

Aves have expanded palatal bones and retained epipterygoids.

Monotremata lack jugal bones in their skull.

The integumentary system is composed of the epidermis and the ________ layer.

The largest organ in the human body is the ________.

The ________ layer of the integumentary system is responsible for protection against trauma, fluid loss, and UV radiation.

Keratinization is the process of accumulation of ________ from dying epidermal cells.

Dermal bones are produced through intramembranous ossification within the membrane and the ________ layer.

The outermost layer of the integumentary system, known as the stratum ________, is keratinized.

The main skeletal tissue in chondrichthyans & early ontogenetic development is ______

Calcified cartilage results from deposition of calcium salts inside ______

Dentin forms ______ of teeth

Jaws in modern bony fishes are typically ______

The ______ encloses and supports the brain in elasmobranchs

Dermal bones contributing to the skull are derived from ______ tissues

The ______ series of dermal bones encircle the eye

The ______ series forms the sides of the vertebrate head

The ______ series forms the dorsal covering of the skull

The ______ series forms the lower jaw

Arrector pili is a smooth muscle that makes hair stand due to fear, cold, or anger, controlling hair filaments and causing ______.

Melanin regeneration decreases with age, happening slowly as the ______ grows older.

The dermis is double-layered, consisting of the papillary layer with fingerlike projections into the epidermis and the reticular layer that anchors the dermis to ______.

Fibrous connective tissue in the integumentary system provides elasticity, allowing it to return to its original shape after ______.

Thick fur in many mammals consists of two layers: guard hairs that are larger and coarse on the outer layer, and the finer, shorter underfur located ______ guard hairs.

The directionality of hair, known as grain, determines the ______ of hair.

The fusion of hemal arches and formation of hemal canal occur in the first caudal ______

True ribs allow for compensation of volume & changes of size in the cavity during ______

The sternum is the middle portion where two ribs articulate in the ventral ______

Turtles, snakes, and limbless lizards are examples of reptiles that have no ______

Birds have a sternum with a prominent carina, where carina is a very enlarged/prominent structure, forming an expanded sternum with a keel/hull-like ______

The xiphisternum in birds has xiphoid cartilage and an omosternum, where omosternum refers to the anterior portion of the ______

In modern lobe-finned fishes, palatoquadrate is fused to the ossified ___________

In Aves, the beak is a drawn-out structure with keratinized ________

The hyoid arch in Early Amniotes produces the __________

The vertebral column consists of discrete repeating cartilaginous/bony elements called __________

In Mammalia, the occipital bone fuses with the basioccipital, paired exoccipitals, supraoccipital, & interparietal to form a ventral bilobed occipital __________

The secondary palate in Mammalia aids in __________

In the axial skeleton, the notochord is the core of fluid-filled cells enclosed in a rod of fibrous connective tissue, first occurring in the __________

The Aves have reduced palatal bones and have lost the __________

In Mammalia-Eutheria, the stapes bone is supported by the __________ & incus

The neural tube in the vertebral column is also known as the Dorsal ________ Cord