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Questions and Answers
Under what condition is Characteristic Radiation released?
Under what condition is Characteristic Radiation released?
- When incident photon energy is zero
- When incident photon energy is greater than the binding energy of the electron (correct)
- When incident photon energy is equal to the binding energy of the electron
- When incident photon energy is less than the binding energy of the electron
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the probability of a reaction in the photoelectron effect?
What is the relationship between the atomic number and the probability of a reaction in the photoelectron effect?
- The probability of a reaction is zero for all atomic numbers
- The probability of a reaction decreases as the atomic number increases
- The probability of a reaction increases as the atomic number increases (correct)
- The probability of a reaction is independent of the atomic number
What type of photons are most likely to cause photoelectric reactions with elements with high atomic numbers?
What type of photons are most likely to cause photoelectric reactions with elements with high atomic numbers?
- Low energy photons (correct)
- High energy photons
- Medium energy photons
- Zero energy photons
In which shell do high atomic number elements interact with electrons in the photoelectron effect?
In which shell do high atomic number elements interact with electrons in the photoelectron effect?
What is an advantage of the photoelectric effect in radiography?
What is an advantage of the photoelectric effect in radiography?
What is a disadvantage of the photoelectric effect in radiography?
What is a disadvantage of the photoelectric effect in radiography?
What is the wavelength range of X-rays in Ã…?
What is the wavelength range of X-rays in Ã…?
What is the relationship between the energy of X-rays and the energy of visible light?
What is the relationship between the energy of X-rays and the energy of visible light?
What is the formula for the energy of X-rays according to Einstein's equation?
What is the formula for the energy of X-rays according to Einstein's equation?
What is the process by which X-ray photons are emitted when an incident electron beam interacts with an atom?
What is the process by which X-ray photons are emitted when an incident electron beam interacts with an atom?
What is the energy difference between the L and K shells in X-ray photon emission?
What is the energy difference between the L and K shells in X-ray photon emission?
What is the type of X-ray photon emission that has a higher energy than Kα?
What is the type of X-ray photon emission that has a higher energy than Kα?
What is the physical interaction of X-rays with matter where some X-rays are absorbed completely?
What is the physical interaction of X-rays with matter where some X-rays are absorbed completely?
What is the physical interaction of X-rays with matter where some X-rays pass through the matter without interacting with the matter?
What is the physical interaction of X-rays with matter where some X-rays pass through the matter without interacting with the matter?
What is the result when a K shell electron vacancy is filled by another outer shell electron?
What is the result when a K shell electron vacancy is filled by another outer shell electron?
What is the energy of the recoil electron in a photoelectric effect?
What is the energy of the recoil electron in a photoelectric effect?
What happens to the incident photon in a photoelectric effect?
What happens to the incident photon in a photoelectric effect?
What is the characteristic of the radiation emitted by vibrating electrons?
What is the characteristic of the radiation emitted by vibrating electrons?
What is the process by which radiation is deflected without losing energy?
What is the process by which radiation is deflected without losing energy?
What is the percentage of X-ray scattering that is contributed by coherent scattering?
What is the percentage of X-ray scattering that is contributed by coherent scattering?
What is the result of an incident X-ray photon encountering a K shell electron?
What is the result of an incident X-ray photon encountering a K shell electron?
What is the term for the electron ejected in a photoelectric effect?
What is the term for the electron ejected in a photoelectric effect?
Study Notes
X-Ray Interaction with Matter
- There are three mechanisms of X-ray interaction with matter: coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, and Compton effect.
Coherent Scattering
- Also known as elastic, classical, unmodified, Thomson, or Rayleigh scattering
- X-rays passing close to an atom cause bound electrons to vibrate at a frequency equal to the incident photon
- Vibrating electrons emit radiation, contributing to 8% of X-ray scattering
Photoelectric Effect
- Incident X-ray photon encounters a K shell electron and ejects it from the orbital
- The incident photon ceases to exist, giving all its energy to the electron (a recoil electron or photoelectron)
- Kinetic energy imparted to the recoil electron = energy of the incident photon – energy required to overcome electron binding energy
- The K shell electron vacancy is filled by another outer shell electron, releasing excess energy as Characteristic Radiation
Characteristics of X-Rays
- Electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths (0.02 – 100 Å)
- Wavelengths are shorter than visible light (6000 Ã…)
- Energy is higher than visible light
Einstein Equation
- E = hν = hc/λ
- Relates energy, frequency, and wavelength of X-rays
Production of X-Rays
- Incident electron beam leads to X-ray photon emission
- Energy is released as X-ray photons
Kα and Kβ X-ray Photon Emission
- ΔE = EL - EK (Kα X-ray photon emission)
- ΔE = EM - EK (Kβ X-ray photon emission)
- Energy levels: L-K (high energy), M-K (low energy)
Physical Interaction of X-Rays with Matter
- X-rays incident on matter can be scattered, absorbed, or pass through without interacting
- Scattering can occur with or without loss of energy
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Description
This quiz covers the principles of the photoelectric effect, including the probability of occurrence, interaction with electrons, and characteristic radiation. It's ideal for students of physics and chemistry.
