Photoelectric Effect and Characteristic Radiation
22 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Under what condition is Characteristic Radiation released?

  • When incident photon energy is zero
  • When incident photon energy is greater than the binding energy of the electron (correct)
  • When incident photon energy is equal to the binding energy of the electron
  • When incident photon energy is less than the binding energy of the electron

    • What is the relationship between the atomic number and the probability of a reaction in the photoelectron effect?

  • The probability of a reaction is zero for all atomic numbers
  • The probability of a reaction decreases as the atomic number increases
  • The probability of a reaction increases as the atomic number increases (correct)
  • The probability of a reaction is independent of the atomic number

    • What type of photons are most likely to cause photoelectric reactions with elements with high atomic numbers?

  • Low energy photons (correct)
  • High energy photons
  • Medium energy photons
  • Zero energy photons

    • In which shell do high atomic number elements interact with electrons in the photoelectron effect?

    <p>L shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the photoelectric effect in radiography?

    <p>Excellent radiographic images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the photoelectric effect in radiography?

    <p>Maximum radiation exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength range of X-rays in Å?

    <p>0.02 - 100 Å</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the energy of X-rays and the energy of visible light?

    <p>Energy of X-rays &gt; Energy of visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the energy of X-rays according to Einstein's equation?

    <p>E = hc/λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which X-ray photons are emitted when an incident electron beam interacts with an atom?

    <p>X-ray photon emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy difference between the L and K shells in X-ray photon emission?

    <p>ΔE = EL - EK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of X-ray photon emission that has a higher energy than Kα?

    <p>Kβ X-ray photon emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical interaction of X-rays with matter where some X-rays are absorbed completely?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical interaction of X-rays with matter where some X-rays pass through the matter without interacting with the matter?

    <p>Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when a K shell electron vacancy is filled by another outer shell electron?

    <p>The release of Characteristic Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of the recoil electron in a photoelectric effect?

    <p>The energy of the incident photon minus the energy required to overcome electron binding energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the incident photon in a photoelectric effect?

    <p>It ceases to exist, giving its energy to the electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the radiation emitted by vibrating electrons?

    <p>It has the same wavelength as the incident photon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which radiation is deflected without losing energy?

    <p>Coherent scattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of X-ray scattering that is contributed by coherent scattering?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an incident X-ray photon encountering a K shell electron?

    <p>The electron is ejected from the orbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electron ejected in a photoelectric effect?

    <p>Photoelectron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    X-Ray Interaction with Matter

    • There are three mechanisms of X-ray interaction with matter: coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, and Compton effect.

    Coherent Scattering

    • Also known as elastic, classical, unmodified, Thomson, or Rayleigh scattering
    • X-rays passing close to an atom cause bound electrons to vibrate at a frequency equal to the incident photon
    • Vibrating electrons emit radiation, contributing to 8% of X-ray scattering

    Photoelectric Effect

    • Incident X-ray photon encounters a K shell electron and ejects it from the orbital
    • The incident photon ceases to exist, giving all its energy to the electron (a recoil electron or photoelectron)
    • Kinetic energy imparted to the recoil electron = energy of the incident photon – energy required to overcome electron binding energy
    • The K shell electron vacancy is filled by another outer shell electron, releasing excess energy as Characteristic Radiation

    Characteristics of X-Rays

    • Electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths (0.02 – 100 Å)
    • Wavelengths are shorter than visible light (6000 Å)
    • Energy is higher than visible light

    Einstein Equation

    • E = hν = hc/λ
    • Relates energy, frequency, and wavelength of X-rays

    Production of X-Rays

    • Incident electron beam leads to X-ray photon emission
    • Energy is released as X-ray photons

    Kα and Kβ X-ray Photon Emission

    • ΔE = EL - EK (Kα X-ray photon emission)
    • ΔE = EM - EK (Kβ X-ray photon emission)
    • Energy levels: L-K (high energy), M-K (low energy)

    Physical Interaction of X-Rays with Matter

    • X-rays incident on matter can be scattered, absorbed, or pass through without interacting
    • Scattering can occur with or without loss of energy

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the principles of the photoelectric effect, including the probability of occurrence, interaction with electrons, and characteristic radiation. It's ideal for students of physics and chemistry.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser