Phosphorylation in Cell Signaling Pathways Quiz

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Which type of kinases phophorylate tyrosine residues on target proteins?

Binary kinases

S/T kinases

Cytokine kinases

Y kinases (correct)

How common is tyrosine phosphorylation compared to serine and threonine phosphorylation?

More common

Equally common

Much less common (correct)

Rarely happens

What percentage of the genome do tyrosine kinases represent?

0.3% (correct)

30%

2%

90%

Which type of pockets in kinases determine specificity based on their depth?

Deep pockets Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes True receptor tyrosine kinases from Receptors linked to tyrosine kinases?

Presence of extracellular domain Signup and view all the answers

What role do oncogenes play in cancer development?

Cause cancer when mutated Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cellular proteins are modified by phosphorylation?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of protein phosphatases?

To deactivate protein activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of phosphorylation on protein activity?

Switching on or off Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of kinases in phosphorylation?

To phosphorylate proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is phosphorylation crucial for regulating?

Signals for various cellular processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid turnover in phosphorylation?

Rapid response to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the tight regulatory control of RTKs is lost?

Elevated risk of cancer Signup and view all the answers

How is the insulin receptor (INS-R) activated?

Through phosphorylation of its TK domain Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of tyrosine kinase activation in INS-R signaling?

Docking and phosphorylation of pY binding substrates Signup and view all the answers

Which family of RTKs includes EGFR?

EGFR/HER/ERBB family Signup and view all the answers

What action is associated with the HER2/ErbB2 receptor?

Promoting proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What could be a possible consequence of dysregulated EGFR/HER/ERBB signaling?

Elevated risk of cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the extracellular domain in RTKs?

Ligand binding and recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the high basal kinase activity in mutated or overexpressed RTKs in human cancers?

Gain of ligand-independent dimerization Signup and view all the answers

In the context of RTK activation, what is the primary role of tyrosine residues in intracellular regulatory regions?

Suppression of intrinsic kinase activity Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical ligands responsible for activating RTKs?

Extracellular growth factors and hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of ligand-induced dimerization of RTKs?

Activation of intrinsic kinase domains Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common example of RTK ligands?

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which tyrosine kinase-linked receptors are activated?

Through the dimerisation of associated non-RTKs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a substrate of RTKs?

Nuclear proteins such as histones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protein-protein interaction domains does not mediate RTK-substrate interactions?

Kinase-like TK Domain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common feature of GF/cytokine receptors that lack an intrinsic kinase domain?

They do not require ligand binding for activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tyrosine kinase domain in RTK activation?

It is responsible for the autophosphorylation and activation of associated non-RTKs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of substrate of RTKs?

Transcription factors such as p53 Signup and view all the answers