Phonology and Phonetics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the condition under which the articulation of /r/ in GBE becomes mandatory?

  • /r/ appears in post-vocalic position followed by a vowel. (correct)
  • /r/ occurs before a consonant.
  • /r/ is in an initial position in a word.
  • /r/ is followed by a consonant sound.

How does the articulation of /r/ in Spanish compare to that in English?

  • The tongue rarely touches the alveolar ridge in both languages.
  • Spanish /r/ is articulated further back in the mouth than in English.
  • In Spanish, the tongue taps the alveolar ridge, while in English it comes close. (correct)
  • Both languages use a trill for the production of /r/ sounds.

Which of the following correctly describes the phoneme /j/?

  • It is an alveolar vibrante multiple.
  • It is a short, bilabial approximant.
  • It behaves phonetically like a short front vowel. (correct)
  • It occurs exclusively in initial word positions.

What is the tongue position for the vowel sound /ʊ/?

<p>Back of the tongue raised just above the half-close position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the vowel sound /e/?

<p>The front of the tongue is between the half-open and half-close position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the phonological behavior of semivowels as described in the content?

<p>They behave as consonants and occur as marginal elements of the syllable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vowel sound is characterized by a relaxed central tongue position?

<p>/ə/ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Spanish phonetics, in what position does the Alveolar Vibrante Simple /ɾ/ occur?

<p>In intervocalic and final positions, as well as in consonant clusters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the /aɪ/ glide distinguishes it from the /aʊ/ glide?

<p>Begins between front and center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following words does the vowel sound /uː/ appear?

<p>food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the lip position when pronouncing the vowel sound /ɜː/?

<p>Loosely spread or neutral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a triphthong?

<p>/ɔɪə/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterizes nasalization in vowel production?

<p>Vowels adapting traits from adjacent nasal consonants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs contain a vowel sound pronounced with the tongue in a tense position?

<p>/uː/ and /e/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to the /ə/ vowel sound?

<p>It occurs in unstressed syllables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of clipping, what primarily changes about the vowels?

<p>Their length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how triphthongs can be conceptualized?

<p>A glide from a single diphthong to a schwa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do allophonic variations affect vowel sounds in General British English (GBE)?

<p>Alter vowel characteristics but maintain meaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which triphthong is represented by the words 'layer' and 'player'?

<p>/eɪə/ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the articulation characteristic of /əʊ/ glide?

<p>Begins at /ə/ and moves to loosely rounded /ʊ/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the final sounds in words like 'card' and 'cart'?

<p>They differ primarily by the last consonant sound. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is true about the allophonic variants of /ɪ/ and /iː/?

<p>They share the vowel quality of /iː/ and the length of /ɪ/. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation are the phonemes /ɪ/ and /iː/ most emphasized by native speakers?

<p>In unstressed syllables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of Spanish vowels compared to English vowels?

<p>Spanish vowels have a 1-1 correlation with spelling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diphthong is characterized by a closing vowel following an open vowel?

<p>Decrecientes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is true regarding all vowels in Spanish?

<p>They are all oral and voiced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequently cited vowel sound in Spanish according to various authors?

<p>/e/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about weak forms of structural words in English?

<p>They include variations like 'to' and 'the'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the vowel quality in Spanish vowels?

<p>They can be nasal and non-voiced. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can diphthongs in Spanish be classified?

<p>As either rising or falling depending on vowel prominence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario do allophonic variants of /ʊ/ and /uː/ occur?

<p>In word-final positions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the difference between aspirated and unaspirated voiceless plosives?

<p>Aspirated plosives occur before stressed vowels or semivowels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the devoicing of voiced plosives?

<p>Minimal voicing is present during articulation in the closing phase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs consists of voiced and voiceless plosives?

<p>/b/ and /p/ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context would a voiceless plosive be considered weakly aspirated?

<p>When it precedes an unstressed vowel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Voiced Onset Time (VOT) is primarily associated with which aspect of sound production?

<p>The initiation of voicing following the articulation of a plosive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the aspiration of the plosive in the word 'pin'?

<p>It is aspirated due to the presence of a stressed vowel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics differentiate bilabial, alveolar, and velar plosives?

<p>Place of articulation and voicing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might lead to an absence of voicing for voiced plosives in speech production?

<p>Articulation in word-final positions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the features of the voiced plosive /g/?

<p>Voiced velar plosive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

/ɪ/ sound description

Front of the tongue raised slightly above half-close position, lips loosely spread. Less acute than /i:/.

/ʊ/ sound description

Tongue raised just behind the center, slightly above half-close position. Lips rounded loosely. Relaxed tongue.

/uː/ sound description

Back of tongue raised just below close position. Lips rounded and forward. Tense tongue and vocal tract.

/e/ sound description

Front of tongue between half-open and half-close, lips loosely spread. Tenser than /ɪ/.

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/ə/ (Schwa) description

Center of tongue in mid position (between half-close and half-open), relaxed lips. Short, unstressed sound.

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/ɜː/ sound description

Center of tongue between half-open and half-close, relaxed lips.

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Vowel articulation

The way the tongue, lips, and other parts of the mouth shape the airflow to produce specific vowel sounds.

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Diphthongs

Sounds with a glide from one vowel sound to another within a single syllable.

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/aɪ/ diphthong

The vowel sound begins open, moving up and forward from front to center.

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/əʊ/ diphthong

Starts with a neutral vowel sound, moving upward and backward towards /ʊ/.

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/aʊ/ diphthong

Starts similar to /ɑː/, moving upwards towards /ʊ/ with a neutral starting position and movement to rounded lips.

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Triphthongs

Sounds with a glide from one vowel to a second, and then to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption.

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Nasalization

Vowel sounds slightly influenced by nearby nasal consonants.Mostly said through the nose.

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Clipping

Shorter vowel pronunciation when followed by voiceless consonants.

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Allophonic Variations

Variations in vowel sounds due to neighboring sounds.

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Vowel Sounds

The sounds made in the production of the vowels.

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What is a non-rhotic accent?

A non-rhotic accent is one that doesn't pronounce the 'r' sound after vowels (except for the linking /r/).

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What is a linking /r/?

A linking /r/ is a pronunciation of the 'r' sound that occurs between vowels when the following word starts with a vowel.

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What is the difference between Spanish /r/ and /ɾ/?

In Spanish, /r/ is a trilled sound with multiple taps of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. /ɾ/ is a single tap of the tongue against the alveolar ridge.

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/j/ sound

The /j/ sound is a palatal approximant, similar to the /i/ vowel, but short. It's like the 'y' sound in 'yes'.

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/w/ sound

The /w/ sound is a bilabial-velar approximant, similar to the /u/ vowel, but short. It's like the 'w' sound in 'we'.

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Neutralization

The process where two similar phonemes blend into a single sound, especially in unstressed syllables.

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/i/ in unstressed syllables

A shorter, less tense version of /iː/, found in words like 'city', 'pre-', or 're-' prefixes.

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/u/ in unstressed syllables

A shorter, less tense version of /uː/, found in weakly stressed syllables.

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English Vowel Allophones

Variations of a phoneme that occur depending on the context, often in unstressed positions.

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Spanish Vowels

Five distinct vowels: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/.

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Spanish Vowel Correlation

A direct relationship between the spelling of a vowel and its pronunciation.

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Spanish Vowel Articulation

Describing vowel sounds by their tongue position, lip shape, and acoustic properties.

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Spanish Vowel Nasality

While some Spanish vowels may sound nasalized, the nasal quality is not contrastive (doesn't change meaning).

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Spanish Diphthongs

Two vowels combined to form a single sound, categorized as rising or falling.

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Spanish Triphthongs

Three vowels blended together, but uncommon compared to diphthongs.

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Phoneme Pairs

Two sounds that differ only in voicing, meaning one is voiced and the other is voiceless.

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Voiceless Plosives

Sounds like /p/, /t/, and /k/ produced without vocal fold vibration.

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Voiced Plosives

Sounds like /b/, /d/, and /g/ produced with vocal fold vibration.

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Place of Articulation (PoA)

The location in the mouth where the airflow is constricted to create a sound.

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Aspiration

A puff of air released after a voiceless plosive.

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Aspirated Plosive

A voiceless plosive with a strong puff of air after the stop.

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Weakly Aspirated Plosive

A voiceless plosive with minimal or no aspiration.

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Unaspirated Plosive

A voiceless plosive with no aspiration.

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Devoicing

A reduction or absence of voicing during the production of a voiced plosive.

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Voiced Onset Time

The amount of time between the start of a sound and the onset of vocal fold vibration.

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Study Notes

Phonology and Phonetics - Overview

  • Language is a system of choices used by speakers to create meaning.
  • Choices are made from resources available to speakers, such as sounds, prosodic features, morphemes, and syntactic features.
  • Language aims to transmit information between human beings.
  • Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
  • Phonetics is the systematic study of speech sounds.
  • Phonology is the study of how sounds systems of languages are organized.
  • Sub-branches of linguistics exist that examine specific aspects of languages.
  • Important subfields include phonetics (study of speech sounds), phonology (sound system organization), morphology (morphemes/smallest units of meaning), syntax (structure of language), and semantics (meaning).

Phonetics

  • Phonetics is concerned with the physical characteristics of sounds.
  • It has three major subfields:
    • Articulatory phonetics examines how sounds are produced.
    • Acoustic phonetics analyzes the physical properties of sounds.
    • Auditory phonetics investigates how sounds are perceived.

Phonology

  • Phonology examines how sounds are organized and used in a specific language.
  • It studies how phonemes (smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning) are combined and how language speakers use them to convey meaning.
  • This includes the study of segmental and suprasegmental phonology.

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Phonetics and Phonology - Class Notes PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of phonology and phonetics in this quiz. Learn about the systematic study of speech sounds, the organization of sound systems in languages, and the key subfields of linguistics. Test your understanding of how language transmits meaning through its sound structure.

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