Phonics and Reading Comprehension

Phonics is the method used for decoding written words by understanding the relationship between letters and sounds, which is essential for word recognition.

Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, segment, and manipulate individual phonemes in speech; for example, recognizing that the word 'cat' consists of the sounds /k/, /æ/, and /t/.

Sight words are words that cannot be easily decoded and are recognized at sight; they are important for improving reading fluency.

<p>A logogram is a written character that represents a word or phrase; an example is the Chinese character '山' which means 'mountain'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phonemes are the smallest individual speech sounds, while allophones are slight variations of a phoneme that do not change the meaning of a word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consonants are sounds produced with some impediment to airflow, while vowels (a, e, i, o, u) are produced with an open vocal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children’s phonological development progresses through awareness of syllables, initial sounds, rimes within syllables, and phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starting phonics instruction with familiar words, such as a child's name, makes it more relatable and easier for them to grasp letter-sound relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blends are combinations of two or three letters sounds that can still be distinctly identified, like 'str' in 'string'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phonics lesson should include setting a goal, reviewing learned letters, teaching a new letter and sound, and practicing reading and spelling using the new letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluent readers process information more efficiently during fixations and utilize cueing systems to predict text, while beginner readers process less information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three cueing systems are graphophonic (code breaking), syntactic (structure), and semantic (meaning).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saccades are quick movements of the eyes between fixations, allowing readers to efficiently navigate text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral discussions build concept knowledge for writing and develop oral language skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual-language books help students compare their first and second languages, aiding in cross-language transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating a bilingual dictionary offers written visual support for ELLs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help students compare and contrast word parts, enhancing their understanding of language structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeated readings improve reading fluency and confidence in language skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storytelling allows students to share their heritage, promoting engagement and personal connection to literacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a word, such as 'dog' in 'dogs'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers can provide sentence frames or organizers to guide students in their writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bound base cannot stand alone as a word, like 'inject', while a free base can, like 'rereading'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the Emergent Stage of Reading, which occurs between ages 3-7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Story arts combine visual, print, and speech to represent cultural, educational, and spiritual experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early readers develop sight words and begin to self-monitor and self-correct their reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transitional reader becomes fluent and reads with expression, while an emergent reader focuses primarily on pictures and sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cueing systems provide information sources that help readers decode and comprehend text more fluently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fluent reader effectively uses a variety of strategies to comprehend complex text structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children develop attention to meaning cues and the ability to discuss what they read.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semiotics is the study of signs that focuses on patterns of communication, helping us understand how visual elements convey meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metonymy uses an attribute of a thing to represent the thing itself, while synecdoche uses a part to represent the whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual syntax refers to the arrangement of elements in an image, guiding the viewer's eye and shaping their understanding of the visual narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lines can represent barriers, connections, and relationships, conveying emotions and themes within the visual context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causality in visual storytelling shows the relationship between events, illustrating how one element leads to another, impacting the viewer's understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual literacy involves the ability to interpret and make meaning from visual communications, enhancing comprehension and analysis skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Space in visual representation conveys concepts like freedom and emptiness, influencing how the viewer perceives the message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbols are visual objects that represent particular meanings through common acceptance and cultural coding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental print helps children recognize and understand how literacy is used in their community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key components include discussing the book's cover and illustrations, reading at a suitable pace, and allowing time for comments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dramatic play enhances comprehension by allowing children to re-enact stories and internalize narrative structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Young children's early writing involves drawing and scribbling as forms of expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main goal is to model fluent reading and foster a love for stories and literature in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental support in reading and oral language interactions enhances children's literacy development and learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decodable texts are designed for students to practice phonics skills and improve word recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Think-alouds make a reader's thought processes visible, helping others understand comprehension strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In reading, 'flow' refers to the state of being fully engaged and immersed in a reading task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process writing includes generating ideas, drafting, revising, editing, and sharing the written work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Running records provide a systematic way to assess students' reading and identify areas for improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 6+1 Traits of Writing are Ideas, Organization, Voice, Word Choice, Sentence Fluency, Conventions, and Presentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modeling instruction involves the teacher demonstrating while guided writing focuses on student practice after a mini-lesson.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical literacy examines texts for implicit and explicit signs about intentions and attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers