Phonetics vs. Phonology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of these factors influence the study of phonetics?

  • Linguistics
  • Physics
  • Anatomy
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of these are considered part of the phonetic aspect of speech?

  • Reception of acoustic sounds
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Sound waves
  • Production of speech sounds

The term 'phoneme' refers to an abstract sound unit.

True (A)

Phonetics deals primarily with abstract linguistic systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?

<p>To represent every sound in every language with a unique symbol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a key characteristic of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?

<p>Symbols based only on the Roman alphabet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a 'homophone' and a 'homograph'?

<p>A homophone is a word that has the same pronunciation but a different spelling and meaning. A homograph is a word that has the same spelling but different pronunciations and often different meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these examples demonstrates a 'homophone'?

<p>Key (n.) and quay (n.) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Speech can be considered as a continuous series of acoustic events, without any distinct segments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument against the idea of speech being a series of discrete segments?

<p>Speech involves continuous movements of articulatory organs and is a fluid process, making it challenging to divide it into distinct units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phonetic analyses with their respective areas of focus:

<p>Articulatory phonetics = Focuses on the physical production of speech sounds Auditory phonetics = Studies the perception of speech sounds by the listener Acoustic phonetics = Examines the physical properties of sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Phonology

The study of how sounds are organized and used in language.

Phonetics

The study of the physical production, transmission, and perception of speech sounds.

Speech chain

A model that describes how speech is produced, transmitted, and received.

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language.

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Allophone

The actual physical realization of a phoneme in different contexts.

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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

A standard phonetic alphabet used to represent speech sounds.

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Homophones

Words that sound the same but have different spellings.

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Homographs

Words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings.

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Speech segmentation

The process of identifying and separating individual sounds in a continuous speech stream.

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Discrete speech theory

The theory that speech is composed of a string of discrete sounds, like beads on a string.

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Spoonerism

A type of speech error where sounds are exchanged within a phrase, often resulting in humorous mispronunciations.

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Boucher's critique of speech segments

A recent critique of the concept of speech segments, claiming that segments are not always clearly defined.

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One-to-many sound-to-spelling correspondence

A system where one sound has multiple spellings.

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Many-to-one sound-to-spelling correspondence

A system where multiple sounds are represented by the same spelling.

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Systemic sound-to-spelling correspondence

A set of sound-to-spelling rules specific to a language or dialect.

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Stop consonant

A sound that is produced by stopping the airflow completely and then releasing it suddenly.

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Fricative consonant

A sound that is produced by partially obstructing the airflow, creating a hissing sound.

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Affricate consonant

A sound that is produced by completely blocking the airflow and then releasing it slowly.

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Voiced consonant

A sound that is produced by vibrating the vocal cords.

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Unvoiced consonant

A sound that is produced without vibrating the vocal cords.

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Palatal consonant

A sound that is produced by raising the tongue towards the roof of the mouth.

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Velar consonant

A sound that is produced by raising the back of the tongue towards the soft palate.

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Alveolar consonant

A sound that is produced by raising the tongue towards the alveolar ridge.

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Dental consonant

A sound that is produced by raising the tongue towards the teeth.

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Nasal consonant

A sound that is produced by letting air escape through the nose.

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Oral consonant

A sound that is produced by letting air escape through the mouth.

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Glide consonant

A sound that is produced by allowing air to escape from the lungs without obstruction.

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Liquid consonant

A sound that is produced by letting air escape through a narrow passage, creating a buzzing sound.

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Place of articulation

The part of the mouth that is used to create a particular sound.

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Manner of articulation

The way in which the airflow is modified when making a sound.

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Tongue height

The position of the tongue in the mouth when making a vowel sound.

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Tongue advancement

The position of the tongue in the mouth from front to back when making a vowel sound.

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Study Notes

Phonetics vs. Phonology

  • Phonology studies language's cognitive system underlying speech, focusing on linguistic encoding/decoding, organization of sounds into a system, sound patterns, and linguistic units (syllables, morphemes).
  • Phonetics studies speech as a physical manifestation of language, examining the physiology of speech sounds (articulatory and auditory phonetics) and their acoustic properties (acoustic phonetics).
  • Phonology is a branch of linguistics, often theory-oriented and dealing with abstract entities like phonemes, allophones, syllables, and stress.
  • Phonetics is an interdisciplinary field (linguistics, physics, anatomy) and data-driven, dealing with observable and measurable entities like vowel length, frequency, loudness, and articulatory movements.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

  • Used in major dictionaries (Oxford, Cambridge, etc.) but less commonly in American dictionaries.
  • Developed in 1888 by members of the International Phonetic Association.
  • Based on the Roman alphabet with additional characters, designed to represent each distinctive sound with one unique symbol.
  • Regularly revised, current version from 2015.
  • ExtIPA (extensions for disordered speech) and VoQS (voice quality symbols) are notable extensions.
  • Used by pronunciation dictionaries worldwide.

Speech Segmentation: Discrete or Continuous?

  • Speech is often treated as a series of discrete segments (phonemes), but in reality, it's a continuous series of acoustic/articulatory events with overlaps and transitions.
  • Articulatory gestures between targets are continuous.
  • Most phoneticians assume speech consists of discrete segments, but there are controversies.
  • Recent critiques challenge the notion of discrete segments in speech.

Speech vs. Writing

  • Spelling often doesn't map directly onto pronunciation (e.g., spelling variations for single vowels/consonants, irregular mappings).
  • Recognizing these inconsistencies is crucial for understanding spoken language.
  • IPA is used to accurately represent speech sounds and overcome the inconsistencies between spelling and pronunciation.

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English Phonetics & Phonology Topic 1 PDF

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