Phonetics: Blending and Coarticulation

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of blending in speech?

To replace consonants with vowels
To create pauses between words
To transition smoothly between sounds (correct)
To emphasize consonant sounds

Which example illustrates blending between two continuous consonants?

Bad luck.
My name is Ann.
Did you like it?
Good news. (correct)

What occurs during coarticulation?

A single continuous sound is uttered
Every consonant is pronounced distinctly
Non-continuous sounds are produced
Adjacent sounds change in pronunciation (correct)

In the phrase 'this month', what sound blending technique is being applied?

Continuous consonant blending (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of lateral aspiration?

Didja like it? (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which time zone does not observe Daylight Saving Time?

Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Daylight Saving Time begins?

Clocks are set ahead one hour (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which act governs the implementation of time zones and Daylight Saving Time in the United States?

Uniform Time Act (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many standard time zones are used in the United States?

9 (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which month does Daylight Saving Time end?

November (A) Signup and view all the answers

What time does Daylight Saving Time begin on its starting day?

2:00 a.m. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which time zone changes its name to Eastern Daylight Time during Daylight Saving Time?

Eastern Standard Time (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. territory is also exempt from observing Daylight Saving Time?

American Samoa (B), Puerto Rico (C) Signup and view all the answers

When does Daylight Saving Time officially begin in the United States according to the recent changes?

Second Sunday in March (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the adoption of daylight saving time by the ten Mexico municipalities bordering the United States?

To facilitate trade and commerce (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what time do regions observing Daylight Saving Time return to Standard Time?

2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday in November (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which industry has been notably affected by differing daylight saving time observance between the U.S. and Mexico?

Transportation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What time is Daylight Saving Time officially observed to begin in the regions adopting it?

2:00 a.m. local time (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one argument proponents of Daylight Saving Time make regarding its impact on people's preferences?

It allows for a greater increase in daylight hours after work. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which year did Daylight Saving Time begin on March 14?

2011 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a debated effect of Daylight Saving Time according to supporters?

It decreases energy consumption. (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Blending

Blending is the smooth transition between sounds in pronunciation, especially when linking continuous consonants.
Continuous consonants (like /s/, /m/, /l/) allow for continuous airflow, facilitating blending.
Example: In "this month," the /s/ blends into the /m/ sound.
Blending can also link continuous consonants with vowels, as in "this afternoon" where the /s/ is shared between words.

Coarticulation

Coarticulation is the overlapping of adjacent sounds, impacting their pronunciation.
Two types of coarticulation:
- Nasal aspiration: Air is stopped as one sound (e.g., /d/ in "good") but released as a nasal sound (e.g., /n/ in “news").
- Lateral aspiration: Air is stopped as a normal sound (e.g., /d/ in "bad") but released as a lateral sound (e.g., /l/ in "luck").
Examples:
- "good news" demonstrates nasal aspiration.
- "bad luck" demonstrates lateral aspiration.

Time Zones in the United States

The United States uses nine standard time zones.
From east to west: Atlantic Standard Time (AST), Eastern Standard Time (EST), Central Standard Time (CST), Mountain Standard Time (MST), Pacific Standard Time (PST), Alaskan Standard Time (AKST), Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (HST), Samoa standard time (UTC-11) and Chamorro Standard Time (UTC+10).
Arizona, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa do not observe Daylight Saving Time.

Daylight Saving Time

Daylight Saving Time begins at 2:00 a.m. local time on the second Sunday in March.
Daylight Saving Time ends at 2:00 a.m. local time on the first Sunday in November.
When Daylight Saving Time begins, clocks are turned ahead one hour.
When Daylight Saving Time ends, clocks are turned back one hour.
The names in each time zone change along with Daylight Saving Time. Eastern Standard Time (EST) becomes Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), and so forth.
The Department of Transportation is responsible for time zones in the United States and ensuring that jurisdictions observing Daylight Saving Time begin and end on the same date.

History of Daylight Saving Time in the United States

Daylight Saving Time was extended by four weeks in 2007.
Daylight Saving Time used to be observed from the first Sunday in April through the last Sunday in October.
Since 2007, Daylight Saving Time begins three weeks earlier on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November.

Daylight Saving Time in Mexico

Ten Mexican municipalities bordering the United States have adopted Daylight Saving Time schedules to be consistent with the United States.
This change was requested by local governments and political leaders to facilitate commerce with the United States.

Arguments for Daylight Saving Time

Proponents argue that most people prefer more daylight hours after the typical workday.
Some argue that Daylight Saving Time decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating.
However, the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.