Phonetics: Articulation and Places of Articulation

Articulation in Phonetics

Definition

• Articulation refers to the process by which sounds are made using the movement of the lips, tongue, and vocal cords.

Places of Articulation

• Bilabial: Sounds made using both lips (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/)
• Labiodental: Sounds made using the lower lip and the upper teeth (e.g., /f/, /v/)
• Dental: Sounds made using the tongue and the upper teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/)
• Alveolar: Sounds made using the tongue and the alveolar ridge (e.g., /t/, /d/, /n/)
• Postalveolar: Sounds made using the tongue and the area behind the alveolar ridge (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/)
• Palatal: Sounds made using the tongue and the hard palate (e.g., /j/, /ʎ/)
• Velar: Sounds made using the tongue and the soft palate (e.g., /k/, /g/)
• Uvular: Sounds made using the tongue and the uvula (e.g., /q/, /ɢ/)
• Glottal: Sounds made using the vocal cords (e.g., /h/, /ʔ/)

Manners of Articulation

• Stop: Sounds made by completely blocking the airflow (e.g., /p/, /t/, /k/)
• Fricative: Sounds made by partially blocking the airflow (e.g., /f/, /s/, /z/)
• Nasal: Sounds made by allowing air to flow through the nasal cavity (e.g., /m/, /n/, /ŋ/)
• Liquid: Sounds made by allowing air to flow freely between the tongue and the roof of the mouth (e.g., /l/, /r/)
• Approximant: Sounds made by allowing air to flow close to the articulation point (e.g., /j/, /w/, /h/)
• Affricate: Sounds made by a combination of a stop and a fricative (e.g., /tʃ/, /dʒ/)

Other Articulation Features

• Voicing: Sounds made with the vibration of the vocal cords (e.g., /b/, /d/, /g/)
• Aspiration: Sounds made with a burst of air (e.g., /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/)

Articulation in Phonetics

Definition

• Articulation is the process of producing sounds using the movement of lips, tongue, and vocal cords.

Places of Articulation

• Bilabial: sounds made using both lips (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/).
• Labiodental: sounds made using the lower lip and the upper teeth (e.g., /f/, /v/).
• Dental: sounds made using the tongue and the upper teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/).
• Alveolar: sounds made using the tongue and the alveolar ridge (e.g., /t/, /d/, /n/).
• Postalveolar: sounds made using the tongue and the area behind the alveolar ridge (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/).
• Palatal: sounds made using the tongue and the hard palate (e.g., /j/, /ʎ/).
• Velar: sounds made using the tongue and the soft palate (e.g., /k/, /g/).
• Uvular: sounds made using the tongue and the uvula (e.g., /q/, /ɢ/).
• Glottal: sounds made using the vocal cords (e.g., /h/, /ʔ/).

Manners of Articulation

• Stop: sounds made by completely blocking the airflow (e.g., /p/, /t/, /k/).
• Fricative: sounds made by partially blocking the airflow (e.g., /f/, /s/, /z/).
• Nasal: sounds made by allowing air to flow through the nasal cavity (e.g., /m/, /n/, /ŋ/).
• Liquid: sounds made by allowing air to flow freely between the tongue and the roof of the mouth (e.g., /l/, /r/).
• Approximant: sounds made by allowing air to flow close to the articulation point (e.g., /j/, /w/, /h/).
• Affricate: sounds made by a combination of a stop and a fricative (e.g., /tʃ/, /dʒ/).

Other Articulation Features

• Voicing: sounds made with the vibration of the vocal cords (e.g., /b/, /d/, /g/).
• Aspiration: sounds made with a burst of air (e.g., /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/).